International Journal of Marine Science, 2025, Vol.15, No.6, 303-312 http://www.aquapublisher.com/index.php/ijms 305 For example, the net pulling and sorting should be gentle, sudden changes in water temperature and pH should be avoided, and a concealed environment should be appropriately provided to make animals feel safe (Komal et al., 2025). Reducing stress often significantly improves the immune status, thereby lowering the chance of disease occurrence (Costa et al., 2025). 3 Environmental Regulation Technologies in Aquaculture 3.1 Application and optimization of intelligent water quality monitoring systems (IoT) Modern Marine aquaculture is gradually introducing Internet of Things (IoT) technology to achieve intelligent monitoring and regulation of water quality environment. Sensors deployed in aquaculture ponds and cages can measure parameters such as water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, salinity, and ammonia nitrogen in real time, and transmit the data to the management platform or mobile phone via wireless network. Once the indicators exceed the set threshold, the system will automatically issue early warning prompts to take measures in time (such as starting the aerator, adding fresh water or reducing feeding), significantly improving the efficiency of water quality management (Ende et al., 2024) and avoiding the lag of manual detection. Meanwhile, the large amount of water quality data collected, after analysis, can also provide a basis for optimizing aquaculture strategies. 3.2 Seaweed-based purification, microecological construction, and ecological floating island technology Purifying the aquaculture water environment by applying ecological principles is an important way to achieve stable water quality. Among them, large algae such as seaweed can be used as biological purifying agents: they absorb nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus in water through photosynthesis, convert eutrophic substances into what is needed for their own growth, thereby reducing the accumulation of harmful substances such as ammonia nitrogen in water bodies (Rosati et al., 2025). At the same time, the oxygen released by seaweed can also increase the dissolved oxygen level in water. Microecological construction refers to the addition of beneficial microorganisms (such as nitrifying bacteria, Bacillus, photosynthetic bacteria, etc.) to establish a stable microbial community in water bodies. These beneficial bacteria decompose organic waste, transform toxic substances, and competitively inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria (Figure 1), maintaining the "bacteria-algae balance" of water quality (Liao et al., 2025; Rosati et al., 2025). Regular use of microbial preparations can help the aquaculture system form a benign microecology. Ecological floating island technology is a system that sets up floating carriers on the water surface to grow aquatic plants (including salt-tolerant plants), forming a system similar to artificial wetlands. Floating island plants absorb excess nutrients in water through their root systems, provide shade for farmed animals and buffer water temperature. This technology is often used in aquaculture tail water treatment to naturally purify the discharged wastewater and reduce the environmental pressure on the surrounding sea area (Medina et al., 2022). Figure 1 Scanning electron microscope (SEM) photo of microbial cells present on sea bass skin samples (Adopted from Rosati et al., 2025)
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