International Journal of Marine Science, 2025, Vol.15, No.6, 303-312 http://www.aquapublisher.com/index.php/ijms 304 This study focuses on health management in sustainable Marine aquaculture, aiming to explore how to maintain the health of farmed organisms through environmental regulation, disease early warning, microecological strategies, and nutritional and immune management, etc., to achieve sustainable development of the aquaculture industry. The thesis mainly analyzes the main factors influencing the health of farmed organisms. Introduce the regulation techniques of the aquaculture environment; Take the breeding of white shrimp from South America as a case study to analyze the health management model. Through the discussion of the above content, it is expected to provide useful references for the healthy, green and sustainable development of the Marine aquaculture industry. 2 Factors Affecting the Health of Marine Aquaculture Species 2.1 Dynamic changes in water quality, temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen In Marine aquaculture, water quality is not constant. Affected by weather, seasons and even daily management, various parameters will fluctuate accordingly. The changes in temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen are the most obvious and also the most likely to cause problems for fish and shrimp. If the temperature suddenly rises or drops, even if the increase is not significant, it may disrupt their metabolic rhythms and cause their immunity to decline. The matter of salinity is more complicated. Heavy rain on the sea surface can dilute seawater, and in hot seasons, evaporation can increase salinity. These sudden changes can make it difficult for fish and shrimp to recover for a while (Qu et al., 2022). When dissolved oxygen is low, the manifestations of hypoxia often come very quickly. Especially at night, algae and organic matter in the water still consume oxygen, so the dissolved oxygen is the lowest in the early morning (Reverter et al., 2020). If substances such as ammonia nitrogen and nitrite accumulate too much in water, they will also impose a chronic burden on animals. It is precisely because these changes are often intertwined that it is particularly necessary to monitor indicators such as water temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen on a daily basis. Measures such as oxygenation, water replacement and temperature adjustment should also be kept up in a timely manner to avoid additional pressure on farmed animals caused by environmental fluctuations. 2.2 Germplasm quality, immune status, and population density When it comes to the factors of organisms themselves, germplasm is often more crucial than people imagine. Seedlings from healthy parents that have been bred through superior variety selection are usually more hardy and less prone to diseases. If the seedlings themselves carry pathogens or have degeneration problems, their growth and stress resistance will naturally be much weaker (Milijasevic et al., 2024). This is also the reason why the industry has been constantly emphasizing seedling quarantine and genetic improvement in recent years. The immune level is another major influencing factor. Insufficient nutrition, high environmental stress and other conditions can all weaken the immune function, making animals more vulnerable to bacteria taking advantage of the situation. Group density may seem like a management-level matter, but its impact often directly reflects on health. High-density stocking not only keeps fish and shrimp in a state of competition and tension for a long time, but also once diseases occur, the transmission speed will be astonishingly fast (Wang et al., 2023). Therefore, in actual production, strictly controlling the quality of seedlings, maintaining a good immune status, and combining it with an appropriate density can often significantly reduce the risk of diseases. 2.3 Feeding practices, stocking density, and stress control The details of feeding and management often determine whether animals can remain healthy. For instance, when feeding, if there is too much feed left over, it will sink in the water and spoil, and the water quality will deteriorate very quickly. Too little or unbalanced nutrition can cause fish and shrimp to be underfed, weak and have a weakened immune system (Okon et al., 2024). Therefore, the feeding amount and feed formula should be determined based on the needs of different stages. They should neither be wasted nor starve the animals. Although stocking density may sound like a cliche, even if the seedlings are of high quality and the feed is good, an excessively high density can still lead to competition and deterioration of water quality (Zhu et al., 2023). By adjusting the density and managing by pool and stage, the pressure on individuals can be reduced. Another issue that is often overlooked is the problem of stress. Many times, diseases are not directly caused by pathogens, but rather due to animals being startled, injured or experiencing sudden changes in the environment, their immunity is weakened, making them more prone to illness. Therefore, during operation, violent disturbances should be minimized as much as possible.
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