International Journal of Marine Science, 2025, Vol.15, No.5, 245-254 http://www.aquapublisher.com/index.php/ijms 251 Environment Assembly" to discuss marine garbage and microplastics issues, and unanimously passed a resolution at the Fifth Environmental Assembly in March 2022 to initiate the process of formulating a legally binding international treaty on ending plastic pollution. The resolution, supported by 175 Member States, is seen as a historic step in responding to global plastic pollution. At present, the "Intergovernmental Negotiation Committee on Plastic Pollution Control (INC)" is promoting treaty text consultations as planned, with topics covering the entire life cycle of plastics, including microplastic management, scientific research and information exchange. In addition to the United Nations framework, the G20, the G7 and others have also listed marine plastic waste as key issues and promoted members to take plastic reduction actions. At the regional level, the European Union has implemented a series of regulations under its Circular Economy Action Plan to prohibit specific single-use plastic products and limit intentionally added microplastics. In addition, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) adopted Annex V of the Anti-Pollution Convention (MARPOL) banned ships from dumping plastic waste into the ocean as early as 1988, which played a role in controlling the source of microplastics at sea. 6.2 Legislation and policy measures at the national level Under the international framework, governments have also introduced national legislation and policies to reduce plastic pollution at the source and process, thereby reducing the possibility of microplastics entering the environment. Many countries have banned or restricted the production and use of certain single-use plastic products. From 2021, the EU will completely ban the sale of 10 common disposable plastic products such as disposable plastic tableware, cotton swabs, straws, etc., and require member countries to significantly reduce the use of plastic food containers. China has also banned the production and sales of daily chemical products containing plastic microbeads since 2020. In terms of waste management, many countries have strengthened plastic waste recycling and treatment measures (Wu and Chen, 2024). Germany, Japan and other countries have established a complete garbage classification and recycling system to enable a large amount of waste plastic to be recycled rather than leaking environments. In the "14th Five-Year Plan" plastic pollution control action plan, China proposed that by 2025, plastic waste recycling rate will significantly increase, and major cities will basically eliminate white pollution. Another important measure is to promote biodegradable plastics to replace traditional plastics in order to rapidly degrade and reduce the production of microplastics after use. 7 Governance Strategies at the Technical and Engineering Level 7.1 New model of waste recycling and recycling In addition to policies and regulations, technology and engineering innovation play a key role in plastic pollution control, especially in the recycling of waste plastics, which can reduce the production of microplastics from the source. Promote the "circular economy" model: extend the service life of plastic products and improve the reuse rate. Improve recycling rate and recycling: improve the recycling rate and purity of waste plastics by improving the garbage classification system and introducing intelligent recycling equipment (Volk et al., 2021). Research and development of upgraded recycling technology: Research and development of new technologies such as chemical recycling and pyrolysis for traditional machinery recycling mixed or contaminated plastics that cannot be processed. Innovate a new model of community recycling: use the "Internet + Recycling" platform to recycle waste plastics on the door, or establish a community plastic exchange station to encourage residents to participate with points rewards, making recycling behavior more convenient and efficient (Rani et al., 2024). 7.2 Development of marine cleaning technology (drone, intercepting device) For plastic waste and microplastic particles that have entered the marine environment, engineering and technicians are developing various marine cleaning technologies to actively remove pollutants from water bodies. One idea is large-scale centralized cleaning devices. For example, the "The Ocean Cleanup" project initiated by the Dutch non-profit organization designed a floating intercept device that stretches hundreds of meters to collect large areas of ocean surface plastic waste through ocean current drives. Since 2019, the team has deployed intercept networks in the Pacific “garbage belt” area and successfully captured multiple tons of floating plastic (Sainte-Rose et al., 2020). Although this method mainly targets macroscopic plastics, it can also block some large particles of microplastics. Another idea is to strengthen interception at the source of pollution, such as deploying intercept
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