International Journal of Marine Science, 2025, Vol.15, No.4, 220-232 http://www.aquapublisher.com/index.php/ijms 227 other places, and has launched pilot projects for mangrove carbon trading. Carbon trading provides a continuous source of funding for mangrove conservation, making it a reality that “makes trees stand more valuable than cut down”. 5.3 Case analysis: mangrove management model in indonesia's blue carbon project Indonesia is one of the countries with the richest mangrove resources, and in recent years, the country's innovative practices in the field of blue carbon have attracted much attention. Among them, a blue carbon demonstration project carried out in Southeast Sulawesi Province vividly interprets the innovation of mangrove management models. The project aims to restore approximately 1 700 hectares of degraded mangrove forests (mainly abandoned shrimp pond land) along Sulawesi coast and to achieve sustainable financing through carbon trading (Cameron et al., 2019). Unlike traditional projects led by government or company, this project adopts a compound management model of community-led + policy support + market operation. In terms of community-led development, 35 coastal villages in the project site jointly established a cooperative organization to jointly participate in the planning and implementation of mangrove restoration. They sell or rent abandoned breeding land as a restoration area based on villages and undertake daily seedling cultivation, planting and forest protection. The project trains ecological monitors for each village to ensure that the community has full knowledge and management of the resource recovery process. Secondly, in terms of policy support, the Indonesian government promulgated the Forest Carbon Management Regulations in 2023, including the restoration of mangrove and other vegetation in the official carbon management scope (Sidik et al., 2023). The project became one of the first batch of blue carbon projects registered under the new regulations, and the government has opened a green channel in terms of land transfer, approval and carbon rights confirmation. This reflects the government's role in escorting innovative models at the institutional level. In terms of market operations, the project has received the launch support of the "Blue Carbon Accelerator Fund" (BCAF) and plans to sell future carbon emission reductions to obtain long-term funds through carbon certification that meets international standards (VCS, etc.). 6 Comprehensive Measures to Improve Carbon Sink Capacity 6.1 Restoring mangrove area and improving ecological quality To enhance the carbon sink capacity of mangroves, we must focus on both "quantity" and "quality", that is, on the one hand, expand the coverage area of mangroves, and on the other hand, improve the health and carbon density of mangrove ecosystems. In terms of area restoration, scientific mangrove expansion plans are formulated, and areas where mangroves are distributed in history but degraded by human activities are preferred, such as shallow tidal flats, abandoned salt fields and breeding ponds are restored by gradually renovating these areas (Gowda et al., 2025). This practice of "retrieving ponds to forests" and "retrieving nurseries to wet" can avoid fierce conflicts with existing land use and can restore the original ecological function to the greatest extent. At the same time, laws and regulations should be improved, new mangrove occupation and damage should be strictly controlled, and the trend of area reduction should be curbed from the source. On this basis, we need to focus on improving the ecological quality of mangroves. Quality improvement includes improving the species diversity, structural complexity and stress resistance of stands (Li et al., 2025). In addition, improving water quality and soil environment is also an important part of quality improvement. If the pollution load of rivers around mangroves is too high, the eutrophication of water bodies will affect the growth of mangroves. Basin pollution control should be strengthened to ensure that mangroves are supplied by clean fresh water and the soil salt and pH are maintained within the appropriate range. Some studies have pointed out that the carbon storage per hectare of healthy and mature mangroves can be several times higher than that of degraded sparse forest land, so the carbon sink gain obtained by ecological restoration (such as sealing, replanting, and diversity restoration) in existing forest land cannot be ignored. 6.2 Linkage with the ecological network of wetland systems such as seagrass beds and salt marshes Mangroves are not isolated ecological units. They often form a coastal wetland ecological network with adjacent seagrass beds, coastal salt marshes, etc. From the perspective of carbon sinks, mangroves have close connections with seagrass beds and salt marshes in the exchange and storage of carbon elements. As an upstream system,
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