International Journal of Marine Science, 2025, Vol.15, No.4, 220-232 http://www.aquapublisher.com/index.php/ijms 224 on natural transmission (Wongprom et al., 2023). At this time, manual assisted recovery technology is needed to intervene. Artificial recovery usually includes the links of seedling cultivation, planting and post-management, that is, artificially cultivating mangrove plant seedlings or collecting combsyls, and then planting them into the target recovery area. Artificial afforestation can accurately control species selection and planting density, and rebuild trees with a certain coverage in a short period of time, which is the main means to achieve rapid expansion of mangrove area. In the past few decades, the coastal areas of Guangdong and Guangxi in China have grown mangrove forests again through large-scale artificial planting of mangrove seedlings such as autumn eggplant and olive. Figure 1 Common layouts for integrated mangrove aquaculture and their benefits for biodiversity and ecosystem service provision (Adopted from McSherry et al., 2023) Image caption: Integrated mangrove aquaculture shrimp systems showing: (A) Mmangroves directly adjacent to the pond on the pond walls, and (B) mangroves within the pond as a central mass. (C) Stylized differences between intact mangrove forests, integrated mangrove aquaculture, and cleared shrimp ponds and their value for biodiversity and ecosystem service provision (Adopted from McSherry et al., 2023) 4.2 Plant selection and community structure optimization During the recovery of mangroves, the selection of plant species and the optimization of community structure play an important role in improving carbon sink function. Different mangrove species have differences in growth rate, maximum tree height, wood density and root system structure, which affect their carbon sequestration ability and ecological adaptability. In restoration practice, local native mangrove species should be selected as much as possible, and reasonable matching should be made according to the height of the tidal beach and environmental conditions. In the low tide beach area near the sea, pioneer species such as Avicennia marina or Rhizophora stylosa, which are flood-resistant and have developed root systems can be planted first. These species are resistant to salt and surges, and can quickly stabilize mud and sand after survival, creating conditions for subsequent species (Chowdhury et al., 2023); in the middle and high tide areas, species with weak flood-resistant but large
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