International Journal of Marine Science, 2025, Vol.15, No.4, 209-219 http://www.aquapublisher.com/index.php/ijms 217 needs to be made through multiomics and synthetic biology; the dynamic changes of the microbial community in the algae under different environmental conditions and the stability principle of multispecies symbiotic networks are also hot topics for future research. In addition, in terms of application, laboratory results should be transformed into actual scenarios, such as building an efficient and stable artificial algae symbiosis system for wastewater resource treatment, carbon sink sequestration and biomass synthesis. Especially in the context of climate change and eutrophication of water bodies, it is particularly urgent to clarify the interaction laws between microalgae and microorganisms, which will provide a more solid scientific foundation for future biotechnology innovation and ecological environment management. We believe that with the deepening of research, the mysteries of symbiosis between microalgae and microorganisms will be revealed more comprehensively, and their ecological and application value will be more fully utilized. Acknowledgments The authors thank Professor Li and the research team for their guidance and support during the writing of this paper, and also appreciates the reviewers' constructive comments. Conflict of Interest Disclosure The authors confirm that the study was conducted without any commercial or financial relationships and could be interpreted as a potential conflict of interest. References Ashraf N., Ahmad F., and Lu Y., 2022, Synergy between microalgae and microbiome in polluted waters, Trends in Microbiology, 31(1): 9-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tim.2022.06.004 Bergman I., Lindström E.S., and Sassenhagen I., 2024, Ciliate grazing on the bloom-forming Microalga Gonyostomumsemen, Microbial Ecology, 87(1): 33. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-024-02344-9 Cui Y., Chun S., Baek S., Baek S., Kim P., Son M., Cho K., Ahn C., and Oh H., 2020, Unique microbial module regulates the harmful algal bloom (Cochlodinium polykrikoides) and shifts the microbial community along the Southern Coast of Korea, The Science of The Total Environment, 721: 137725. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137725 Dai C., and Wang F., 2023, Potential applications of microalgae-bacteria consortia in wastewater treatment and biorefinery, Bioresource Technology, 393: 130019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2023.130019 Dow L., 2021, How do quorum-sensing signals mediate algae–bacteria interactions, Microorganisms, 9(7): 1391. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9071391 Frada M.J., and Vardi A., 2015, Algal viruses hitchhiking on zooplankton across phytoplankton blooms, Communicative and Integrative Biology, 8(3): e1029210. https://doi.org/10.1080/19420889.2015.1029210 Garcia S.L., Nuy J.K., Mehrshad M., Hampel J.J., Sedano-Nuñez V.T., Buck M., Divne A., Lindström E., Petráš D., Hawkes J., and Bertilsson S., 2022, Taxonomic and functional diversity of aquatic heterotrophs is sustained by dissolved organic matter chemodiversity, BioRxiv, 2022: 03. https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.03.21.485019 Hu Z., Qi Y., Zhao L., and Chen G., 2019, Interactions between microalgae and microorganisms for wastewater remediation and biofuel production, Waste and Biomass Valorization, 10: 3907-3919. https://doi.org/10.1007/S12649-018-0325-7 Kimotho R., and Maina S., 2023, Unraveling plant–microbe interactions: can integrated omics approaches offer concrete answers, Journal of Experimental Botany, 75: 1289-1313. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erad448 Kuhlisch C., Shemi A., Barak-Gavish N., Schatz D., and Vardi A., 2023, Algal blooms in the ocean: hot spots for chemically mediated microbial interactions, Nature Reviews Microbiology, 22(3): 138-154. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41579-023-00975-2 Kuypers M., Marchant H., and Kartal B., 2018, The microbial nitrogen-cycling network, Nature Reviews Microbiology, 16: 263-276. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro.2018.9 Li M.M., 2024, Exploring algal germplasm diversity: strategies for conservation and sustainable utilization, International Journal of Aquaculture, 14(3): 112-125. https://doi.org/10.5376/ija.2024.14.0013
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