International Journal of Marine Science, 2025, Vol.15, No.3, 167-178 http://www.aquapublisher.com/index.php/ijms 177 response and helps the formation of its heat-resistant phenotype (Zhang et al., 2022). Furthermore, metabolomic analysis also provides evidence. Hybrid abalone accumulates a large amount of metabolites such as lactic acid and succinic acid under high temperature stress, indicating that it maintains energy supply by enhancing anaerobic metabolism, while purebred wrinkle disc abalone has a collapse in energy metabolism and a large amount of pyruvate appears. These multiomic results are consistently pointing to: hybrid abalones can combine parental advantages to mobilize more effective molecular responses under stress conditions, thereby showing stress resistance and growth performance better than parents. Acknowledgments Thank you to Dr. Zhang for his technical support in data analysis and visualization, and also thank the members of the research team for their discussions and suggestions during the paper writing. Conflict of Interest Disclosure The authors affirm that this research was conducted without any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. References Bai C., Li Y.N., Chang P., Jiang J.Z., Xin L., Li C., Wang J.Y., and Wang C., 2019, Susceptibility of two abalone species Haliotis diversicolor supertexta and Haliotis discus hannai to Haliotid herpesvirus 1 infection, Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 160: 26-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jip.2018.11.008 Barkan R., Watson S.A., Cooke I., Lau S.C.Y., and Strugnell J., 2024, Chromosome-scale genome assembly of the tropical abalone (Haliotis asinina), Scientific Data, 11(1): 999. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-024-03840-w Difford G., Difford G., Vlok A., Rhode C., and Brink D., 2017, Heritability of growth traits in South African Abalone (Haliotis midae L.) using the ‘internal reference’ method, Aquaculture, 468: 451-457. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.AQUACULTURE.2016.10.042 Ferencova I., Vaškovicová M., Drutovic D., Schultz R.M., Knoblochova L., Macurek L., and Solc P., 2022, CDC25B is required for the metaphase I-metaphase II transition in mouse oocytes, Journal of Cell Science, 135(6): jcs252924. https://doi.org/10.1242/jcs.252924 Gan Y., Ke C., Luo X., Xiao Q., Huang Z., Wu Y., Liu J., You W., Lin W., Chen N., Yu F., Shen Y., and Peng W., 2021, Heat adhesion duration: a new high-throughput abalone thermal tolerance assessment method, Aquaculture, 545: 737226. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.AQUACULTURE.2021.737226 Jin L.F., and Wang G.L., 2025, Genomic selection breeding in abalone: progress and challenges, International Journal of Aquaculture, 15(2): 76-87. https://doi.org/10.5376/ija.2025.15.0009 Ke J., Ren P., You W., Guo Q., Huang Z., Peng W., Chen N., Gwo J., Ke C., and He P., 2016, Genetic mapping and quantitative trait loci analysis of growth-related traits in the small abalone Haliotis diversicolor using restriction-site-associated DNA sequencing, Aquaculture, 454: 163-170. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.AQUACULTURE.2015.12.026 Kijas J., McPherson L., Krsinich A., Reverter A., King H., Kube P.D., Elliott N.G., and Raidan F.S.S., 2023, Genetic variation and heterosis of the interspecific abalone hybrid of Haliotis rubra and H. laevigata, Aquaculture, 580: 740275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2023.740275 Li R., Chan J., Zhang L., Xu Y., Peng Z., and Wu F., 2024, Easy-to-use CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing in the cultured pacific abalone (Haliotis discus hannai), The CRISPR Journal, 7(1): 41-52. https://doi.org/10.1089/crispr.2023.0070 Lin W., Yu F., Shen Y., Huang Z., Lu Y., Peng W., Yu W., Liu J., You W., Luo X., Ke C., and Zhou M., 2022, Genomic selection applications can improve the environmental performance of aquatics: a case study on the heat tolerance of abalone, Evolutionary Applications, 15: 992-1001. https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.13388 Luo X., You W., Liang S., Ke C., and Luo L., 2014, The role of hybridization in improving the immune response and thermal tolerance of abalone, Fish and Shellfish Immunology, 39(1): 69-77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2014.04.014 Shiel B., Robinson N., Cooke I., Strugnell J., and Hall N., 2014, De novo characterisation of the greenlip abalone transcriptome (Haliotis laevigata) with a focus on the heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) family, Marine Biotechnology, 17: 23-32. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10126-014-9591-y Tripp-Valdez M., Koschnick N., Lannig G., Bock C., Pörtner H., and Lucassen M., 2019, Assessment of muscular energy metabolism and heat shock response of the green abalone Haliotis fulgens (Gastropoda: Philipi) at extreme temperatures combined with acute hypoxia and hypercapnia, Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, 227: 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpb.2018.08.009
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