International Journal of Marine Science, 2025, Vol.15, No.3, 154-166 http://www.aquapublisher.com/index.php/ijms 162 genes related to lipid synthesis, energy metabolism and oocyte maturation in the ovaries were synchronized upregulated, and the expression levels of key genes such as yolk protein and ecdyketone synthetase were significantly higher than those of the single treatment group (Figure 2) (Li et al., 2022). This finding shows that the maturation of black tiger shrimps requires the joint effect of endocrine releasing (removing inhibitory signals) and nutritional enhancement, and the two have synergistic effects. On the other hand, the comparison of ovarian development genes among different species also reveals some convergences and differences. By comparing the multiomic data of ovarian shrimps and Pacific white shrimps, it was found that although the two belong to different genera, the changes in gene expression on paths such as energy metabolism and yolk formation during ovarian maturation have similar patterns, both manifested as the stages of accumulation of nutrients and then activation of oocyte maturation; this reflects a convergent evolutionary model of crustacean reproduction. However, there are also differences in the ovarian responses of the two shrimps in terms of immune and stress-related genes. Figure 2 (A) Representative ovaries at different time points. (B) Distribution of samples over ovarian developmental stages. (C) Changes in gonadosomatic index (GSI) with days and ovarian developmental stages after eyestalk removal. Error bars represent standard derivations. Different letters indicate significant differences between time points of the same feed group (n = 3, mean ± sem, P < 0.05, ANOVA Duncan test). (D) HE staining of the ovaries and liver and pancreas. Stage: Four periods of ovarian development (Adopted from Li et al., 2022) 7.3 Research on the evolution of gender-determined genes of Japanese swamp shrimp Japanese swamp shrimp (Macrobrachium nipponense) is an important freshwater shrimp in East Asia, and its gender determination mechanism is of great research value. Unlike marine prawns that rely mainly on the male gonad hormone IAG, swamps may have the dual characteristics of genetic gender determination and endocrine
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