International Journal of Marine Science, 2025, Vol.15, No.2, 92-106 http://www.aquapublisher.com/index.php/ijms 93 On the other hand, in terms of application, understanding the genetic structure and gene flow pattern of farmed shrimp species has direct guiding significance for cross-regional seedling introduction and breeding management. This study focuses on the global systematic geographical pattern and transmission model of commercial important shrimps: introduces the phylogenetic relationship and classification status of major farmed shrimps, including lineage differentiation of shrimp family and basal shrimps and the application of molecular markers; discusses the natural geographical distribution pattern and evolutionary history of native shrimp populations, focusing on the Indo-Pacific biodiversity hotspots, regional differences between the east and west oceans, and the impact of marine geographical barriers; analyzes the current global systematic geographical research status of typical farmed shrimp species through case analysis. Through the above structure, we hope to fully demonstrate the research progress of commercial important shrimp system geography in recent years and provide scientific reference for the next step of research and breeding management. 2 Phylogenetic and Classification of Major Commercial Shrimps 2.1 Main economic types and genealogy of the Penaeidae family The Penaeidae family contains many important marine economic shrimps, and their systematic classification has long been controversial. Based on traditional morphological principles, large marine prawns are roughly divided into the genus Paleopause (Penaeus sensu stricto) and several subgenus, but different classification systems have different levels of genus levels. This chaos has sparked heated discussions over the past few decades about whether the genus Prawns should be split. Research based on molecular phylogenetic development in recent years has brought new insights into this issue. The researchers used large-scale data of mitochondrial and nuclear genes to reconstruct the phylogenetic tree of the main breeding species of the Shrimp Family, and the results supported the reintegration of the originally separated subgenus into the generalized genus Penaeus, thereby simplifying the classification system. The study suggests that the genus Penaeus name is reused to include all major breeding species including Chinese prawns, squid prawns, and white prawns in South America. The genus names such as Fenneropenaeus, Marsupinaeus, and Litopenaeus will no longer be used respectively. This classification adjustment is now gradually accepted by the industry, making the classification of shrimp families stable and consistent (Zhang et al., 2016). The major economic species form clear lineage branches on the systemic tree, such as the squid prawns and Mexican white shrimp (Farfantepenaeus genus), and the Whiteleg shrimp lineage is close to East Asian species such as Chinese shrimp. 2.2 Systematic classification and evolutionary relationship of Caridea family Compared with the family Shrimp family, Caridea species such as Cyvador (i.e., non-prawns in the suborder of shrimp, including a variety of freshwater and seafood small shrimps) are commercially secondary, but their phylogenetic diversity is eye-catching. An important family under Caridea is the Palaemonidae family, which includes freshwater shrimps that have some significance for aquatic products (such as Japanese swamp shrimp). Molecular systems research in recent years has shown that the long-armed shrimp family is one of the most diverse species among basal shrimps, and can be divided into multiple branches on the phylogeny tree. Research experts conducted mitochondrial whole-genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of 14 species in the long-armed shrimp family, and the results support the existence of several evolutionary branches in this family, and proposed new insights into the unilinearity of certain genera (Figure 1) (Frolová et al., 2022). The phylogenetic tree they construct splits some genera in the traditional classification into two separate branches, prompting that the genus hierarchy may need to be re-divided. In addition, historical biogeographic analysis of marine basal shrimps shows that plate tectonics and strait changes have profound effects on their evolution. A study by Scientific Reports pointed out that the lineage evolution of oceanic basal shrimp globally is affected by major events such as Atlantic splitting, Eastern Pacific barrier, and Panguttis Sea closure, thus forming a current cross-ocean species distribution pattern (Chow et al., 2021). 2.3 Application of molecular markers in the study of shrimp phylogenetic Molecular marking technology plays a key role in analyzing shrimp system relationships and genetic
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