International Journal of Marine Science, 2025, Vol.15, No.2, 92-106 http://www.aquapublisher.com/index.php/ijms 92 Feature Review Open Access Global Phylogeography and Dispersal Patterns of Commercially Important Shrimp Species Mengyue Chen , Jingya Li Animal Science Research Center, Cuixi Academy of Biotechnology, Zhuji, 311800, Zhejiang, China Corresponding author: mengyue.chen@cuixi.org International Journal of Marine Science, 2025, Vol.15, No.2, doi: 10.5376/ijms.2025.15.0009 Received: 01 Mar., 2025 Accepted: 03 Apr., 2025 Published: 19 Apr., 2025 Copyright © 2025 Chen and Li, This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Preferred citation for this article: Chen M.Y., and Li J.Y., 2025, Global phylogeography and dispersal patterns of commercially important shrimp species, International Journal of Marine Science, 15(2): 92-106 (doi: 10.5376/ijms.2025.15.0009) Abstract The dominant shrimp species in commercial breeding are widely introduced and spread worldwide, and their systematic geographical pattern and diffusion paths have attracted much attention. This study combines the progress of molecular phylogenetics and population genetics in recent years, and reviews and analyzes the phylogenetic relationship, natural geographical distribution, artificial introduction history and cross-regional transmission patterns of major economic shrimps. The results show that the Indo-Western Pacific region is the center of origin of most marine shrimps, and there is obvious geographical differentiation of populations in different oceanic regions, and marine barriers restrict gene communication. Human farming activities have accelerated the global spread of shrimp species, but have also caused problems such as germplasm mixing, decline in genetic diversity and alien invasion. Molecular marker analysis revealed the genetic structural characteristics, population differentiation levels and environmental adaptation signals of major farmed shrimp species. In the context of global climate change, the driving role of environmental factors (such as temperature, salinity) on the geographical distribution of shrimp is becoming increasingly prominent. This study systematically sorted out the research progress of the global systematic geographical pattern and transmission model of commercial important shrimps, and pointed out the importance of strengthening genetic diversity protection, standardizing international seedling trade and preventing and controlling disease transmission for the sustainable development of the industry. Keywords Shrimp; Phylogenetic geography; Molecular phylogenetic; Genetic diversity; Breeding introduction; Transmission mode 1 Introduction Shrimp is one of the highest-yield and largest-trade aquatic products in the global aquaculture industry, with annual output of millions of tons. Among them, Whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) and Giant tiger prawn (i.e., Penaeus monodon) are the two most widely cultivated varieties, accounting for the vast majority of the global farmed shrimp production. Due to its fast growth, strong adaptability and mature reproductive technology, Whiteleg shrimps have been introduced to breed by more than 70 countries and have now become the world's highest breeding shrimp species. The Giant tiger prawns are native to the Asia-Pacific region. Although the breeding volume is less than that of the South American whitening shrimps, they still occupy an important position in Southeast Asia and other places, and they have developed breeding in some countries through introduction. In addition, local varieties such as Chinese prawns and Japanese prawns have important ecological and economic value in inshore breeding and natural populations in countries such as China. The development of shrimp farming not only provides huge economic benefits, but also promotes employment and income in coastal communities (Kumar and Engle, 2016). Global systematic geography research on shrimp species aims to reveal the genetic structure, lineage differentiation and historical diffusion processes of species in different geographical regions around the world. On the one hand, phylogenetics can combine molecular phylogenetic development with biogeographic distribution to clarify the relationship between species evolution and geological events and changes in the marine environment. This has important theoretical significance for understanding the formation mechanism of marine biodiversity (Farias et al., 2023).
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