International Journal of Marine Science, 2025, Vol.15, No.2, 65-74 http://www.aquapublisher.com/index.php/ijms 70 enhance the connectivity between reef sections is crucial for maintaining the integrity of fish migration channels and life history, thereby improving the resilience of the system. 5.2 Implement eco-friendly fishery management The implementation of ecologically-oriented fishery policies holds core value in alleviating the pressure on key functional species and maintaining ecological service functions. Measures such as fishing gear control, size restrictions and bans on fishing of specific species can help maintain the baseline value of fish biomass and promote resource recovery. Dynamic management strategies such as crop rotation fishing moratorium and hierarchical quotas can effectively maintain key functions such as forage regulation in areas lacking complete protected zones (Dee et al., 2014; MacNeil et al., 2015). To adopt the ecosystem-level fishery management model, it is necessary to comprehensively assess the ecological niches of species and the cumulative effect of fishing in order to maintain the integrity of the system (Appeldoorn, 2008; Cinner et al., 2020). Promoting stakeholder participatory management can enhance policy compliance and ensure that measures are adapted to the regional ecological-socio-economic characteristics, achieving the coordinated development of protection and livelihoods (Mapstone et al., 2008). 5.3 Strengthen the scientific research support and monitoring system Systematic scientific research and monitoring are the cornerstones of adaptive management of coral reefs. Emerging technologies such as 3D image modeling and environmental DNA (eDNA) can achieve rapid and non-destructive assessment of coral health and fish communities, providing real-time data for management decisions (Bayley et al., 2019). The dynamic monitoring system can quantify the management effectiveness, identify the ecological evolution trend, and adjust strategies in a timely manner to deal with emerging threats (Ban et al., 2023). Long-term ecological monitoring plans are particularly crucial for tracking biomass fluctuations, functional evolution and the effects of management interventions (Bayley et al., 2019; Ban et al., 2023). The in-depth integration of scientific research and management decisions ensures that conservation actions have scientific basis and dynamic response capabilities, thereby enhancing the sustainability of the Hainan Island - South China Sea coral reef system (MacNeil et al., 2015). 6 Research Limitations and Future Prospects 6.1 Insufficiency of research on the correlation between functional diversity and ecological services Although progress has been made in the cataloging research of coral reef fish species, there are still significant gaps in the systematic analysis of functional diversity characteristics and ecosystem services (such as nutrient cycling, habitat maintenance and interference resistance ability) (Villeger et al., 2017; Bellwood et al., 2018). Most of the existing studies focus on quantifiable parameters rather than empirically analyzing the contribution of specific functional groups to ecological processes, which restricts the prediction accuracy of the impact of fish community structure evolution under human stress on ecological services. Although current functional diversity indicators are widely used, their relationship with ecological functions is mostly based on hypotheses rather than empirical evidence. It is necessary to break through the traditional description of morphological characteristics, quantify the ecological contributions of different functional groups, and analyze how functional redundancy and uniqueness regulate system stability (Brandl et al., 2016; Bellwood et al., 2018; Streit et al., 2019). 6.2 The lack of standardization in the monitoring system and database The existing monitoring data of coral reef fish have problems such as dispersion, lack of standards and limited spatio-temporal coverage. The absence of a long-term standardized monitoring system hinders the ability of community dynamic assessment and ecological early warning (Yeager et al., 2017; Martin et al., 2024). The differences in monitoring methods lead to difficulties across regions, affecting the evaluation of management effectiveness (Martin et al., 2024).
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