International Journal of Marine Science, 2025, Vol.15, No.1, 35-44 http://www.aquapublisher.com/index.php/ijms 36 evolution of shrimps, and take the Alpheidae as a case to explore the molecular basis of the evolution of social behavior. Finally, we look forward to the future development direction of this field. 2 Diversity and Phylogeny of Decapod Shrimps 2.1 Classification and morphological diversity of decapod shrimps Decapod shrimps cover multiple morphologically and ecologically different lineages, showing a high degree of diversity. In taxonomy, decapod shrimps are traditionally divided into Dendrobranchiata and Pleocyemata based on the morphology of gills and reproductive methods (Figure 1) (Wolfe et al., 2019). The former is commonly known as "shrimps", including marine shrimp families such as Penaeidae, with about 540 species described. The latter includes all other decapods, and shrimps are mainly concentrated in the Caridea and Stenopodidea orders; among them, the Caridea includes nearly 4 000 species of "prawns" and freshwater crayfish, while the Astacidea andAxiidea/Gebiidea also belong to the Pleocyemata, but their morphology is more like crabs or lobsters. Figure 1 Representatives of major decapod lineages. (a) Lucifer sp. (southeast Florida, USA) (Dendrobranchiata); (b) Stenopus hispidus (Komodo, Indonesia) (Stenopodidea); (c) Procaris chacei (Bermuda) (Procarididea); (d) Arctides regalis (Maui, Hawaii, USA) (Achelata); (e) Cherax quadricarinatus (aquarium specimen) (Astacidea); (f) Thor amboinensis complex (Ternate, Indonesia) (Caridea); (g) Axiopsis serratifrons (Bali, Indonesia) (Axiidea); (h) Stereomastis sculpta (specimen ULLZ 8022) (Polychelida); (i) Upogebia cf. pusilla (Arcachon Bay, France) (Gebiidea); (j) Emerita talpoida (Westerly, Rhode Island, USA) (Anomura); (k) Pachygrapsus crassipes (Catalina Island, California, USA) (Brachyura) (Adopted from Wolfe et al., 2019) Photo credits: (a) L. Ianniello; (b) A. Vasenin, licence CC-BY-SA; (c) T. M. Iliffe; (d, k) J. Scioli; (e) C. Lukhaup; (f) C. H. J. M. Fransen; (g) A. Ryanskiy; (h) D. L. Felder; (i) X. de Montaudouin; (j) J. M. Wolfe. (Online version in colour.) (Adopted from Wolfe et al., 2019)
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