International Journal of Marine Science, 2025, Vol.15, No.1, 28-34 http://www.aquapublisher.com/index.php/ijms 31 method (Ren et al., 2022; Sueker et al., 2023). This comprehensive scheme can not only avoid the subjectivity of traditional morphology, but also reduce the cost of molecular detection. By integrating different data such as images and genes, the system can make up for each other's deficiencies. This multi-technology integration approach is particularly suitable for monitoring the diverse fish communities in the South China Sea region (Ren et al., 2022; Sueker et al., 2023; Xie et al., 2024). 4.3 Standardized database construction Establishing a unified fish database is very important for both research and management. These databases collect characteristic data of various types of fish, providing references for scientific research and management (Rauf et al., 2019; Yang et al., 2020; Xie et al., 2024). The existing public databases not only support AI training but also facilitate the comparison of different research results (Figure 2) (Rauf et al., 2019; Xie et al., 2024). Figure 2 Data set related images (A-I) (Adopted from Xie et al., 2024) Standardized databases can visually display the distribution of fish, which is helpful for formulating measures for the protection of fish populations and resource management. With the continuous enrichment of data, the accuracy and operability of wild fish species identification in Hainan Island and the South China Sea region can be enhanced (Rauf et al., 2019; Xie et al., 2024). 5 The Main Difficulties Faced by Fish Species Identification in Hainan and the South China Sea 5.1 Genetic data of endemic fish species are lacking The Hainan Island and the South China Sea region have high biodiversity and rich fish resources. The barcode and molecular data of some endemic wild fish species are seriously insufficient, and the genetic information is still incomplete. DNA barcoding technology has been applied to Marine fish in this area, but the number of species with obtained barcode sequences is still much lower than the actual number of existing species (Xiong et al., 2018; Xu et al., 2021; Zhang et al., 2023). This situation is particularly prominent among deep-sea fish and freshwater fish, making it difficult to accurately identify some endemic and rare fish species, which hinders the accurate identification of species and the assessment of biodiversity. The insufficiency of genetic data not only affects species identification but also hinders the discovery of new species. This leaves a gap in our understanding of the local fish diversity, and some endangered species in need of protection may thus be overlooked (Xiong et al., 2018; Xu et al., 2021; Zhang et al., 2023). To solve this problem, it is necessary to strengthen the genetic sampling work of endemic fish species.
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