International Journal of Marine Science, 2024, Vol.14, No.4, 285-294 http://www.aquapublisher.com/index.php/ijms 292 To mitigate the adverse effects of eutrophication, the implementation of sustainable coastal management is crucial. Management strategies should comprehensively address both point and non-point sources of nutrient pollution, adopting integrated, ecosystem-based approaches. Effective measures include reducing nutrient emissions from agriculture, enhancing wastewater treatment, and restoring natural habitats such as wetlands to bolster ecosystem resilience. Additionally, managing predator populations to control algal growth can complement nutrient reduction efforts and support the restoration of vital habitats like seagrass and seaweed beds. Coastal management should also consider the impact of terrestrial organic matter on eutrophication, incorporating it into monitoring and policy frameworks to ensure the long-term health of ecosystems. Future research should focus on understanding the complex interactions between nutrient inputs, climate change, and other anthropogenic pressures to develop more effective management strategies. There is a need for advanced modeling frameworks that integrate human activities and environmental variables to predict and mitigate the impacts of eutrophication under changing climate conditions. Furthermore, innovative remediation techniques, such as geo-engineering methods to bind phosphorus in anoxic sediments, may offer rapid recovery solutions for eutrophicated marine ecosystems. Collaboration among scientists, policymakers, and stakeholders is essential to ensure the long-term sustainability of coastal marine ecosystems. Acknowledgments The author sincerely appreciates the efforts of the two anonymous peer reviewers in providing their suggestions on this manuscript. Conflict of Interest Disclosure The author affirms that this research was conducted without any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. References Alexander T.J., Vonlanthen P., and Seehausen O., 2017, Does eutrophication-driven evolution change aquatic ecosystems, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 372(1712): 20160041. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2016.0041 Almroth‐Rosell E., Wåhlström I., Hansson M., Väli G., Eilola K., Andersson P., Viktorsson L., Hieronymus M., and Arneborg L., 2021, A regime shift toward a more anoxic environment in a eutrophic sea in northern Europe, Frontiers in Marine Science, 8: 799936. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.799936 Altieri A.H., and Díaz R.J., 2019, Dead zones: oxygen depletion in coastal ecosystems, World Seas: An Environmental Evaluation, 2019: 453-473. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-805052-1.00021-8 Boesch D.F., 2019, Barriers and bridges in abating coastal eutrophication, Frontiers in Marine Science, 6: 123. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00123 Deininger A., and Frigstad H., 2019, Reevaluating the role of organic matter sources for coastal eutrophication oligotrophication and ecosystem health, Frontiers in Marine Science, 6: 210. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00210 Ferrera C., Watanabe A., Miyajima T., Diego‐McGlone M., Morimoto N., Umezawa Y., Herrera E., Tsuchiya T., Yoshikai M., and Nadaoka K., 2016, Phosphorus as a driver of nitrogen limitation and sustained eutrophic conditions in Bolinao and Anda Philippines a mariculture-impacted tropical coastal area, Marine Pollution Bulletin, 105(1): 237-248. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.02.025 Gallardo B., Clavero M., Sánchez M., and Vilà M., 2016, Global ecological impacts of invasive species in aquatic ecosystems, Global Change Biology, 22(1): 151-163. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13004 Gerakaris V., Varkitzi I., Orlando-Bonaca M., Kikaki K., Mozetič P., Lardi P., Tsiamis K., and Francé J., 2022, Benthic-pelagic coupling of marine primary producers under different natural and human-induced pressures’ regimes, Frontiers in Marine Science, 9: 909927. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.909927 Glibert P., 2017, Eutrophication harmful algae and biodiversity-challenging paradigms in a world of complex nutrient changes, Marine Pollution Bulletin, 124(2): 591-606. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.04.027 Green L., Magel C., and Brown C., 2021, Management pathways for the successful reduction of nonpoint source nutrients in coastal ecosystems, Regional Studies in Marine Science, 45: 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.RSMA.2021.101851 Griffith A., and Gobler C., 2020, Harmful algal blooms: a climate change co-stressor in marine and freshwater ecosystems, Harmful Algae, 91: 101590. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.HAL.2019.03.008
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