International Journal of Marine Science, 2024, Vol.14, No.4, 256-265 http://www.aquapublisher.com/index.php/ijms 258 Figure 1 Automated CSF flow analysis in the central canal quantifies the bidirectional velocity profile in 30 hpf embryos (Adopted from Thouvenin et al., 2020) Image caption: (A) A 30 hpf zebrafish embryo injected with Texas Red dye, marking all fluid-filled cavities, such as ventricles, central canal (CC, white arrows), and blood vessels. (B) Instantaneous velocities of 20 nm fluorescent particles measured within the central canal using a particle tracking velocimetry (PTV) algorithm, with arrow length, direction, and color indicating particle velocity (ranging from -8 to 8 μm/s). (C1-C4) Display of fluorescent particle motion trajectories and velocity distribution in the central canal at different dorsal-ventral (D-V) positions, generating a velocity profile. (D1-D2) Extreme velocity values measured in 110 zebrafish embryos, showing the minimum and maximum speeds and their relative D-V positions in the central canal (Adopted from Thouvenin et al., 2020) 3.2 Role of morphogens Morphogens are signaling molecules that form concentration gradients and provide positional information to cells, guiding their fate during embryonic development. BMPs, a subset of the TGF-β family, are key morphogens in DV patterning, establishing distinct cellular domains through their gradients (Bier and Robertis, 2015), In the AP
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