International Journal of Marine Science, 2024, Vol.14, No.3, 231-244 http://www.aquapublisher.com/index.php/ijms 242 To effectively address ocean acidification, policymakers and stakeholders should consider several key recommendations. Implementing policies to reduce CO2 emissions is critical to mitigate ocean acidification. International agreements such as the Paris Agreement should be strengthened and fully implemented. Governments should invest in monitoring networks and support research initiatives to improve understanding and management of ocean acidification. Collaboration between scientists, policymakers, and industry is essential. Developing and implementing adaptation strategies for vulnerable communities and industries is also crucial. This includes habitat restoration, development of acidification-resistant aquaculture species, and community engagement. Finally, increasing public awareness about the impacts of ocean acidification and the importance of mitigation efforts can drive policy changes and encourage individual actions to reduce carbon footprints. Acknowledgments The Aqua Publisher thanks the two anonymous peer reviewers for their careful review and helpful suggestions on the manuscript of this study. Conflict of Interest Disclosure The authors affirm that this research was conducted without any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. References Andersson A.J., Kline D.I., Edmunds P.J., Archer S.D., Bednaršek N., Carpenter R., and Zimmerman R.C., 2015, Understanding ocean acidification impacts on organismal to ecological scales, Oceanography, 28(2): 16-27. https://doi.org/10.5670/OCEANOG.2015.27 Clements J., and Chopin T., 2017, Ocean acidification and marine aquaculture in North America: potential impacts and mitigation strategies, Reviews in Aquaculture, 9(4): 326-341. https://doi.org/10.1111/RAQ.12140 Cooley S., Ono C., Melcer S., and Roberson J., 2016, Community-level actions that can address ocean acidification, Frontiers in Marine Science, 2: 128. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2015.00128 Cornwall C., and Hurd C., 2016, Experimental design in ocean acidification research: problems and solutions, ICES Journal of Marine Science, 73(3): 572-581. https://doi.org/10.1093/ICESJMS/FSV118 Cross J., Turner J., Cooley S., Newton J., Azetsu-Scott K., Chambers R., and Wickes L., 2019, Building the knowledge-to-action pipeline in north america: connecting ocean acidification research and actionable decision support, Frontiers in Marine Science, 6: 356. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00356 Das S., and Mangwani N., 2015, Ocean acidification and marine microorganisms: responses and consequences, Oceanologia, 57: 349-361. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.OCEANO.2015.07.003 Ekstrom J., Suatoni L., Cooley S., Pendleton L., Waldbusser G., Cinner J., and Doherty C., 2015, Vulnerability and adaptation of US shellfisheries to ocean acidification, Nature Climate Change, 5: 207-214. https://doi.org/10.1038/NCLIMATE2508 Evans T.G., Padilla-Gamiño J., Kelly M., Pespeni M., Chan F., Menge B., and Hofmann G., 2015, Ocean acidification research in the 'post-genomic' era: Roadmaps from the purple sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular and Integrative Physiology, 185: 33-42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpa.2015.03.007 Falkenberg L.J., Bellerby R., Connell S., Fleming L., Maycock B., Russell B., Sullivan F., and Dupont S., 2020, Ocean acidification and human health, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(12): 4563. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17124563 Feng E.Y., Keller D., Koeve W., and Oschlies A., 2016, Could artificial ocean alkalinization protect tropical coral ecosystems from ocean acidification, Environmental Research Letters, 11(7): 074008. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/11/7/074008 Fennel K., and VanderZwaag D., 2015, Ocean acidification: scientific surges lagging law and policy responses, Routledge Handbook of Maritime Regulation and Enforcement, 342-362. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315890241.CH20 Galdies C., Bellerby R., Canu D., Chen W., García-Luque E., Gašparović B., and Guerra R., 2020, European policies and legislation targeting ocean acidification in european waters-Current state, Marine Policy, 118: 103947. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2020.103947 Goldsmith K.A., Lau S., Poach M., Sakowicz G.P., Trice T., Ono C., and Saba G., 2019, Scientific considerations for acidification monitoring in the U.S. in Mid-Atlantic region, Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science, 225: 106189. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ECSS.2019.04.023
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