International Journal of Marine Science, 2024, Vol.14, No.3, 218-230 http://www.aquapublisher.com/index.php/ijms 219 interactions between the Indo-Pacific Ocean Basin and other ocean basins, such as the Atlantic and Pacific, to understand the interconnectedness of global climate systems, assess the role of anthropogenic factors, such as greenhouse gas emissions, in altering the ocean circulation and climate dynamics in the Indo-Pacific region, and provide insights into the potential future changes in ocean circulation and their implications for regional and global climate, with a focus on improving climate model simulations and predictions. By addressing these objectives, this research aims to enhance our understanding of the Indo-Pacific Ocean Basin's role in global climate variability and contribute to more accurate climate predictions and effective climate risk management strategies. 2 Overview of Indo-Pacific Ocean Basin Circulation 2.1 Major currents and circulation patterns The Indo-Pacific Ocean Basin is a critical component of the global ocean circulation system, influencing climate patterns and weather phenomena across the globe. The Indo-Pacific Ocean Basin is characterized by several significant currents and circulation patterns that play a crucial role in the distribution of heat and salinity, impacting regional and global climate systems. One of the most important currents is the Indonesian Throughflow (ITF), which serves as a low-latitude pathway for warm, fresh waters from the Pacific Ocean to enter the Indian Ocean. The ITF is influenced by the equatorial waveguides of both the Pacific and Indian Oceans, with its transport being stronger during La Niña events and weaker during El Niño events due to the Pacific waveguide's influence (Feng et al., 2018) (Figure 1). Figure 1 Transport of the currents contributing to the Indonesian Throughflow via different passages (Adopted from Feng et al., 2018) Image caption: Transport of the currents contributing to the Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) via different passages through the Indonesian archipelago (after Wikipedia with transport values from Sprintall et al. 2009). Numbers next to current arrows indicate transport in Sverdrups (Sv) (Adopted from Feng et al., 2018) Feng et al. (2018) depicts the pathways and transport values of currents forming the Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) as they pass through various straits and seas of the Indonesian archipelago. The ITF transports warm, fresh water from the Pacific Ocean to the Indian Ocean, playing a critical role in the global thermohaline circulation and influencing the meridional overturning of the Indian and Pacific Oceans. According to Sprintall et al. (2009), the transport values in the key passages are marked in Sverdrups (Sv), with significant contributions from the Makassar Strait (11.6 Sv) and the Lombok Strait (2.6 Sv). The ITF's estimated total transport is around 15 Sv. Understanding the ITF's variability and dynamics is essential for comprehending its impact on ocean circulation
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