International Journal of Marine Science, 2024, Vol.14, No.3, 204-217 http://www.aquapublisher.com/index.php/ijms 211 mobilization and participation of all the entities concerned. The LM-MPA is part of the New Protected Areas created within the framework of the Madagascar PA system. It is located in the SAVA Region, District of Vohemar and includes 4 rural municipalities whose 19 fokontany land is included in the NAP. The Protected Area, with an area of 250,000 ha, is delimited to the North and North-West: by the Loky River, to the South and South-West: by the Manambato River and to the East: by the Indian Ocean, including the Ankao archipelago. The LM-MPA presents a unique concentration of areas representative of various habitats and species of the SAVA Region. It presents exceptional biodiversity with its various types of ecosystems, namely: forest ecosystems including dense dry forest, humid forest and coastal forest, aquatic ecosystems composed of permanent and temporary continental lakes, and marine and mangrove ecosystems where the study of fisheries resource management is focused. A protected area is “A geographical space clearly defined, recognized, dedicated and managed, by any effective means, legal or otherwise, in order to ensure in the long term, the conservation of nature as well as the ecosystem services and cultural values which are inherent to it” (IUCN, 2014). All Protected Areas in Madagascar are governed by Law No. 2001/05 of February 11, 2003 on the Code of Protected Areas (CoAP) and its implementing decrees, Decree No. 2005-013 of January 11, 2005 and Decree No 2005-848 of December 12, 2005 (PAG Fanamby, 2014). According to this PAG, the implementation of regulations in the management of the Protected Area aims to preserve natural resources with strict conservation measures in the hard cores on the one hand, and rational exploitation in controlled use zones on the other hand. It also aims not to deteriorate the living standards of the population, and monitors the principles of equity with a fair distribution of the costs and benefits of the PA establishment, between the different parties concerned and between the generations. This includes reducing anthropogenic pressure on natural resources. All regulations in force, more particularly concerning Protected Areas, fishery resources and tourism, are applicable throughout the territory of the LM-MPA. Tables 6 show the rules which are applied by activities and by zone but also the responsible entities and their respective attributions, which are defined in consultation with the stakeholders. The regulations and management listed by the NGO Fanamby will allow us to draw up the CAH dendrograms for the grouping of these regulations as well as the CFA graphs for the rate of respect of fishermen in each village in two years. In 2018, the capture of sea turtles, the period of closing and opening of octopuses as well as the use of toxic products locally called “Fagnamo” are grouped into the same group (Figure 8(a)). Because all study site villages fully respect these regulations. This statement is confirmed (Figure 8(b)). That is to say, the more the regulations are concentrated in the middle of the horizontal and vertical axis, the more the regulations are well respected. On the other hand, for the period of closure and opening of shrimps and crabs, they are grouped in the same group (Figure 8(a)) of which the majority of fishermen in all the villages do not respect them except those in the villages of Ambanifilao and Nosy-Ankao (Figure 8(b)). The non-compliance of these last two villages is caused by the non-existence of mangrove forests in these environments. Same as for the year 2019, the three regulations are again brought together in the same affiliation (Figure 9(a)). Because they are the most respected regulations for all fishermen in all villages (Figure 9(b)). In addition, the closing and opening period of shrimps is placed in a single group (Figure 9(a)). Because some fishermen like in the villages of Antafiamivony and Ambavarano already respect. This is not the case for fishermen from the Ambanifony and Ampasimadera villages (Figure 9(b)). Because the further the villages move away from the regulations, the more the fishermen do not respect these regulations. In addition, for the use of the “serisery” fishing technique and compliance with the minimum mesh size of 25 mm, the majority of fishermen have been trained to respect them since 2019 ( Figure 9 (b)) because of the fishermen formation which was carried out in 2018. 5.2.2 Community management mode To manage fishery resources in an efficient and sustainable manner, it is important to integrate community management techniques into the Management Development Plan for the manager. In our study area their management concerns the seasonal closure of octopuses from January to March so that the broodstock can reproduce and the juveniles can increase as well as the cultivation of mangroves (Figure 10) in order to increase the forest surface of the mangrove ecosystem as initiated in (Spalding and Leal 2021; Ntibona et al., 2023). This serves as a spawning ground for several faunal species. For compliance with the local seasonal octopus closure, we saw maximum efficiency within all study villages (Figure 11). However, the cultivation of mangroves evolves
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