International Journal of Marine Science, 2024, Vol.14, No.3, 204-217 http://www.aquapublisher.com/index.php/ijms 205 putting forward proposals for the fishing technique improvement. The research specific objectives consist of fishing product identification, gear and capture fishing technique understanding, noticing problems related to the way aquatic resources and determination of current state of fishing resources as the insufficiencies of data necessary to act effectively in order to improve the fishery sustainable management existing type. 2 Artisanal Fishing Techniques in LM-MPA Villages Like several countries in the African continent and in the southern hemisphere countries, Madagascar is surrounded by sea and ocean. It is separated from African continent by Mozambique channel in west side and limited by Indian Ocean on east side. Madagascar is crossed in its southern part by the Tropic of Capricorn and has approximately 5,600 km of coastline, 17,000 km2 of continental shelf and an Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) of 1,140,000 km2. The fishing zone understudy belongs LM-MPA particularly in the FokontanyAntsampilay marine coastal part, Vohémar district and Madagascar SAVA northeastern region (MAEP, 2024). The considered villages are Antafiamivony, Ambanifony, Ambanifilao, Ambavarano, Ampasimadera as well as Nosy-Ankao, all located in the rural municipality of Ampisikinana. The present section describes the artisanal fishing techniques and materials in the LM- MPA villages. 2.1 Destructive fishing gear Throughout all study sites, fishermen are faced with the use of small mesh nets less than 25 mm mesh size. In 2018, the villages of Antafiamivony, Ambanifony and Ambavarano no longer respected this minimum mesh size of 25 mm. On the other hand, the villages of Ambanifilao, Ampasimadera and Nosy- Ankao respect this minimum size 100% (Figure 1(a)). In addition, during the first six months of 2019 the majority of these villages respected this minimum size, the compliance rate of which was 100% for the Ambanifilao, Ambavarano, Ampasimadera as well as Nosy-Ankao villages and it reached 80% for the Antafiamivony and Ambanifony villages (Figure 1(b)). Figure 1 Use of minimum mesh size 25 mm in (a) 2018 and (b) 2019 The Correspondence Factor Analysis (CFA) (Lugen, 2015; Dufour et al., 2017; Paudyal et al., 2018) facilitates the identification of compliance rates by each village, that is to say during the year 2018 only the three villages of Ambanifilao, Ampasimadera and Nosy Ankao which respect (Figure 2(a)) the minimum size usage. In addition, in 2019, the Ambavarano fishermen are aware (Figure 2(b)) of the risk for using this technique explaining the compliance rate which reached 100%. Likewise for the fishermen of Antafiamivony and Ambanifony, the fishermen majority are trained to respect it if we compare year 2018 and 2019, let us hope that next year they will reach the maximum rate of respect.
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