International Journal of Marine Science, 2024, Vol.14, No.3, 162-171 http://www.aquapublisher.com/index.php/ijms 169 equations has shown that patchiness is a fundamental characteristic of marine ecosystems, with self-organized spatial patterns emerging due to local reactions and diffusion processes. Additionally, investigations into coral community dynamics have highlighted the significant impact of spatial and temporal scales on ecological observations, with large-scale studies revealing persistent community structures over millennia, while smaller scales show ecological chaos due to disturbances. The integration of spatial-temporal data frameworks with ecosystem models has enhanced the predictive capabilities of food web models, allowing for more accurate reflections of species population trends and distributions. Furthermore, the importance of spatial aggregations in regulating pelagic communities has been underscored, with patch dynamics playing a crucial role in resource limitation and trophic interactions. The SEAPODYM model has provided valuable insights into the spatial dynamics of tuna populations, emphasizing the influence of bio-physical environments on species distribution and interactions. Lastly, modern 3D mapping technologies have enabled detailed characterization of habitat structures, revealing scale-dependent dynamics in biogenic reef habitats. Figure 3 3D imaging of intertidal coral reefs and benthic communities (Adopted from Mazzuco et al., 2020) The findings from these studies underscore the importance of integrated approaches in understanding marine ecosystem dynamics. By combining various modeling tools, geographic information systems (GIS), and advanced mapping technologies, researchers can achieve a more comprehensive understanding of the complex interactions
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