International Journal of Marine Science, 2024, Vol.14, No.2, 120-129 http://www.aquapublisher.com/index.php/ijms 125 ecosystem degradation. This long-term monitoring is critical for assessing the impact of global change on marine ecosystems, developing conservation and management strategies, and evaluating the effectiveness of restoration measures. 3.2 Molecular biology and genetics technology In the advancement of modern biological sciences, the application of molecular biology and genetics techniques has become a key tool for understanding the complexity of life and promoting biological conservation. These technologies play a crucial role in the study of species adaptation, conservation biology, and the revelation of adaptation mechanisms. Genomics, as a branch of molecular biology, provides in-depth insights into how species adapt to changes in their environment by analyzing their genome-wide information. This technique allows scientists to identify which genes or regions of the genome are involved in responses to specific environmental stresses, such as climate change, disease, or changes in the food supply. In the study of species adaptability, the application of genomics not only reveals the relationship between genetic variation and species adaptability, but also provides valuable information about how species enhance their ability to survive and reproduce through genetic diversity. Population genetic analysis plays a central role in conservation biology. By comparing genetic differences between different populations, this technique helps scientists identify genetic flow between populations, population bottleneck events, and the impact of geographic and environmental isolation on species' genetic diversity. This information is critical for developing effective species conservation and management strategies, especially in the face of threats such as habitat fragmentation and climate change. By understanding the genetic structure of populations, conservation biologists can better plan species recovery projects and protected areas to promote the conservation of genetic diversity and population health. Functional genomics focuses on the study of gene expression and regulatory mechanisms, revealing how organisms respond to environmental changes at the molecular level. This technology helps scientists understand which genes are involved in adaptation processes by analyzing changes in gene expression under specific environmental conditions, and how these adaptations are achieved by changing gene expression patterns. For example, functional genomics can reveal how plants regulate the expression of specific genes under temperature changes or water stress to adapt to these conditions (Floris et al., 2009). Such research provides an important perspective on revealing the complex mechanisms behind biological adaptation and is of great significance for understanding how species respond to rapidly changing environments. 3.3 Model and prediction methods In today's rapidly changing world, models and prediction methods have become powerful tools in the hands of scientists, especially in studying the impact of climate change on ecosystems, predicting future trends in species distribution, and conducting ecological risk assessments under climate change scenarios. evaluation aspect. These methods not only help us understand the current ecological state, but more importantly, they provide us with the ability to foresee the future and develop adaptation and mitigation measures. Ecosystem models play a key role in studying the impacts of climate change. By building comprehensive models that include multiple ecological processes and factors, scientists can simulate and analyze the potential impacts of climate change on biodiversity, ecosystem services, and ecosystem functions. These models take into account factors such as rising temperatures, changing precipitation patterns, and increases in extreme climate events, allowing us to predict ecosystem responses under different climate scenarios. In this way, ecosystem models provide a basis for understanding the long-term effects of climate change and assessing vulnerability and resilience (Metzger et al., 2008). Species distribution models are another important prediction tool that predict species distribution in geographic space and future distribution trends by combining species presence records with environmental variables. These models focus specifically on how climate change affects species' habitat areas, migration routes, and whether
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