International Journal of Marine Science, 2024, Vol.14, No.2, 94-101 http://www.aquapublisher.com/index.php/ijms 98 Bioactivity assessment is a crucial step in understanding whether the isolated compounds possess biological activity. This involves both in vitro and in vivo experiments to determine the biological effects of the compounds within living organisms. In in vitro experiments, cell culture systems or biochemical analysis methods can be used to assess the biological activities of compounds, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antibacterial activities. In in vivo experiments, animal models can be employed to study the toxicity and pharmacological properties of the compounds. Once the bioactivity and pharmacological characteristics of marine bioactive substances are identified, researchers can further explore their potential applications. This may involve additional drug development, clinical trials, industrial applications, or ecological research. While the discovery and development of drugs from marine bioactive substances are time-consuming and expensive, it holds enormous potential for the discovery of new drugs and medical research. However, to protect marine biodiversity and ensure sustainable resource utilization, researchers and pharmaceutical companies typically adopt sustainable and responsible approaches. The continuous development of this field is expected to bring new hope and opportunities to global health and the medical field. 2.2 Pharmacological characteristics of marine bioactive substances The pharmacological characteristics of marine bioactive substances refer to the properties of these compounds in terms of their mechanisms of action, physiological effects, metabolic pathways, and interactions with biomolecules within a living organism. Understanding these characteristics is crucial for drug development and clinical applications, as they determine the efficacy and safety of the compounds. The pharmacological characteristics of marine bioactive substances typically include their mechanisms of action. This refers to how compounds influence biochemical processes and physiological functions within a living organism. For example, some marine bioactive substances may interact with specific receptors through particular pathways, triggering physiological responses (Fakhreddin et al., 2021). These responses may involve the regulation of cell signaling, changes in gene expression, promotion, or inhibition of protein synthesis, among others. Understanding the mechanism of action helps determine the potential therapeutic effects of the compounds. Metabolic pathways are also essential pharmacological characteristics of marine bioactive substances. Metabolic pathways involve the processes of metabolism and transformation of compounds within a living organism. Understanding metabolic pathways helps determine the bioavailability, pharmacokinetics, and drug interactions of compounds. Some compounds may become more active or inactive after metabolic reactions, and they may be excreted from the body through metabolic pathways. Additionally, pharmacological characteristics encompass bio-distribution, including the distribution, absorption, secretion, and accumulation of compounds within an organism. Different compounds may distribute within the body in different ways, influencing their bioavailability and efficacy. 2.3 Currently marketed marine-derived drugs There are currently several drugs derived from marine organisms available in the market, and they are widely used in various fields, including medicine, ecology, and biotechnology (Gammone et al., 2020). Arabinose is a five-carbon sugar commonly found in plants and microorganisms rather than marine organisms. It is typically obtained through the hydrolysis of plant polysaccharides or microbial fermentation processes. Arabinose is a biologically active substance with diverse applications, particularly in the food industry, biotechnology, and medicine. Arabinose, a polysaccharide compound derived from seaweed, has found extensive use in the food industry and biotechnology. In biotechnology, it serves as a carrier, providing stability and protection in cell cultivation and protein production processes. Arabinose is also utilized in the preparation of lyophilized drugs and oral formulations due to its excellent protective properties.
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