International Journal of Marine Science, 2024, Vol.14, No.2, 83-93 http://www.aquapublisher.com/index.php/ijms 90 4.3 Policies and management actions International cooperation plays a vital role in marine environmental governance. International treaties and agreements, such as the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea and the Paris Agreement, provide legal frameworks and policy guidance for marine environmental protection. Countries need to strengthen implementation efforts to ensure that these international agreements are effectively implemented (Grip, 2016). In addition, cross-border marine environmental monitoring and information sharing should be strengthened, and cooperation mechanisms should be established to jointly address global challenges such as marine pollution and acidification. Through the exploration and implementation of these comprehensive management strategies, we can effectively deal with issues such as climate change, marine pollution, and ocean acidification, and promote the healthy recovery and sustainable development of the global marine environment. This requires not only national and international community efforts. Future research and practice need to focus more on how to find new solutions through scientific research and technological innovation, implementing these solutions through effective policies and management actions, and ultimately achieving sustainable use of marine resources and long-term health of marine ecosystems. 5 Case Studies Within the Ten-Year Framework of Marine Science 5.1 Implementation cases of the “Seamless Ocean and Climate Forecasting System” large science plan A successful case is the “Ocean to Climate Seamless Forecasting system” (OSF) large science project led by the First Institute of Oceanography (Ocean Institute) of the Ministry of Natural Resources. The plan was led by Qiao Fangli, an academician of the International Eurasian Academy of Sciences, and was co-sponsored by 34 ocean and climate research institutions and 3 international organizations in 25 countries around the world. It was successfully approved and became the first in the field of physical oceanography under the United Nations framework. Big Science Project launched. Mu et al. (2020) describe the data assimilation component of a seamless sea ice prediction system based on the Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research Climate Model (AWI-CM). The system's ocean/ice component employs unstructured grid discretization and smoothly varying spatial resolution, enabling seamless sea ice predictions across a wide range of spatial and temporal scales. In the recent progress of offshore ocean forecast systems (COFS) discussed by Kourafalou et al. (2015), he emphasized the importance of the integration of observation and modeling components for monitoring and forecasting coastal seas. These integrated systems need to be connected to larger systems to enable seamless data sets, status forecasts and forecasts. The OSF plan aims to solve the "blind spots" in ocean and climate prediction, achieve a leap from the current seven-day forecast to several months of short-term climate prediction, and promote a substantial improvement in ocean and climate forecast capabilities. 5.2 UNESCO Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) project implementation cases the implementation and coordination of the Ocean Decade by UNESCO’s Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC). Over the past two decades, UNESCO's Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) has played a key role in promoting the sustainable use and management of large marine ecosystems (LMEs) around the world. The Commission's LME projects include the Global Comparative Assessment of Large Marine Ecosystems under the Transboundary Waters Assessment Program and the LME: Learning Exchange and Resource Network project, which promote the understanding and protection of large marine ecosystems (Barbière and Heileman, 2016). Since its inception, the program has aimed to provide a platform for the world to collectively align research, investment and initiatives to face common challenges, including marine pollution and the protection and restoration of ecosystems and biodiversity. Hundreds of actions are being implemented around the world, involving multiple actors such as research institutions, governments, and United Nations entities (Ryabinin et al., 2021). These actions aim to achieve the 10 challenges set out by the Ocean Decade, such as understanding and defeating marine pollution, protecting and restoring ecosystems and biodiversity, etc. 5.3 Case summary These cases demonstrate how the “Ocean Decade” has made significant progress in addressing major issues in
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