International Journal of Marine Science, 2024, Vol.14, No.2, 83-93 http://www.aquapublisher.com/index.php/ijms 89 4.1 Development and implementation of comprehensive management strategies In view of the impact of climate change on the ocean, mitigating climate change has become the primary issue that needs to be solved. Efforts to reduce emissions need to be strengthened globally, including improving energy efficiency, promoting the use of renewable energy, and implementing carbon capture and storage technologies. At the same time, the protection and restoration of marine ecosystems, such as blue carbon ecosystems such as mangroves and seagrass beds, to enhance their carbon sequestration capabilities is also an effective means of mitigating climate change (Kelly et al., 2019). Marine pollution control requires reducing pollutant emissions from the source, including limiting the use of plastic products, improving wastewater treatment technology, and controlling the discharge of chemical pollutants from agricultural and industrial sources (Abalansa et al., 2020). In addition, it is also crucial to strengthen the recycling and clean-up of marine garbage and reduce the impact of existing garbage on the marine environment. Responses to ocean acidification are closely linked to climate change mitigation and need to be controlled through global efforts to reduce carbon dioxide emissions. In addition, scientists are also exploring methods to locally mitigate ocean acidification, such as seawater alkalization technology, as well as protecting and restoring marine ecosystems that can regulate acid-base balance. Facing global marine environmental challenges, exploring comprehensive management strategies is a key way to achieve healthy ocean recovery and sustainable development. Integrated Ocean Management (IOM) provides a comprehensive approach framework to ensure the sustainability and resilience of marine ecosystems by connecting existing sectoral governance efforts. However, the implementation of integrated management faces multiple challenges, including path dependence, institutional inertia, etc., and requires an interdisciplinary approach and the participation of all stakeholders to overcome these challenges (Winther et al., 2020). 4.2 Promotion of scientific research Scientific research is fundamental to understanding and responding to marine environmental challenges. Through technological innovation and data monitoring, such as through remote sensing satellites, scientists can monitor changes in ocean surface temperature, sea ice coverage, algal bloom distribution and other changes on a global scale, which is crucial to understanding the impact of climate change on the ocean (Bean et al., 2017). The development and application of AUVs offers a new way to explore and monitor hard-to-reach ocean depths. AUVs can carry a variety of sensors for water quality testing, seafloor topography mapping, and biological sampling. Ocean observation networks and big data analysis can more accurately monitor changes in the marine environment and provide scientific basis for formulating governance strategies. Methods and tools developed in recent years, including molecular methods, optical (remote sensing) methods, and on-site monitoring instruments, can effectively monitor and evaluate the health of the marine environment and provide support for sustainable ocean management and protection. With the explosive growth of ocean observation data, big data analysis technology has become an indispensable tool for marine scientific research. Using big data sources and new technologies to collect, process, store, and analyze data, scientists are able to identify long-term trends and patterns in issues such as climate change, ocean acidification, and pollution (Addison et al., 2018). These analyzes help predict future changes and provide scientific basis for formulating response strategies. These examples of technological innovation and data monitoring illustrate the central role of scientific research in advancing ocean protection and governance. With the continuous development and application of new technologies, we are expected to gain a deeper understanding of the marine environment and respond more effectively to the challenges facing the ocean. Through continued scientific research and international collaboration, we can develop more innovative solutions to protect marine ecosystems and ensure a sustainable future for global ocean health.
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