International Journal of Marine Science, 2024, Vol.14, No.2, 74-82 http://www.aquapublisher.com/index.php/ijms 79 However, the impact of social policy also faces some problems. On the one hand, some developing countries may not be able to provide sufficiently complete social policies due to economic pressure and other reasons, resulting in fishermen lacking necessary benefits and security. On the other hand, some countries may have problems with poor implementation of policies, making it difficult for fishermen to enjoy the rights and interests stipulated in the policies in practice. Therefore, policymakers should comprehensively consider the formulation and implementation of social policies to ensure that fishery practitioners can practice their profession in a safe, just, and sustainable environment and make positive contributions to the sustainable development of global fisheries. 2.3 The contribution of education, health and social security to fishery sustainability Education, health and social protection contribute to fisheries sustainability. Education provides fishers with the necessary knowledge and skills to better understand the importance of management and conservation of fishery resources. By cultivating the environmental awareness and sustainable management concepts of fishery practitioners, education cultivates responsible and innovative practitioners for the future of the fishery industry. Health is the cornerstone of fisheries sustainability. Good health enables fishermen to better adapt to the complex and changeable offshore working environment and improve work efficiency and safety. Through health education and medical protection, fishermen can better prevent and respond to potential health risks, reduce work interruptions caused by diseases, and thereby maintain the sustainable development of fisheries (Liu et al., 2023). The social security system provides fishermen with life security at different stages and enhances their stable investment in sustainable fisheries. Social security measures such as welfare security, pensions and medical insurance have improved fishermen's sense of social integration and made them more motivated to participate in sustainable fisheries management. Through social security, fishermen can receive financial support when facing retirement or emergencies, reducing their economic pressure and helping to maintain the stability of the fishing industry. The combined contribution of these three areas provides a solid foundation for fisheries sustainability. Education not only enables fishermen to better understand scientific methods of fishing and protecting marine ecosystems, but also cultivates their ability to adapt to changes in an uncertain environment. Health and social security provide all-round support to fishermen from a broader social level, protect their basic rights and interests, and enable them to more actively participate in sustainable fishery practices. Of course, cultural and social background differences in different regions will also affect the implementation effects of these measures. Therefore, policymakers need to pay more attention to differences in different regions when formulating education, health and social security policies and provide targeted support to ensure that all fishermen can benefit. 3 Economic Development and Overfishing As the global economy continues to grow, society's demand for seafood has increased significantly, driving the expansion of fishing activities. However, this expansion is often accompanied by overfishing (Figure 4), becoming a contributing factor to the decline of fishery resources. Economic development has triggered a huge demand for fishery products, driving the rapid growth of overfishing. Fisheries have become an important economic pillar in many countries and regions, and the market demand for fishery products continues to rise. In order to cater to market demand, fishermen have adopted more efficient but irresponsible fishing methods, such as large trawls and gillnets, to quickly increase production while ignoring the sustainability of the resource. Although economic development has led to the continuous advancement of fishery technology, it has also intensified the over-exploitation of resources. Advanced fishing gear and technology have made fishing more efficient, but they have also brought great pressure on marine ecosystems. Fishing levels that exceed the natural recovery capacity have led to over-exploitation of resources. Some important commercial fish species such as cod and tuna have suffered tremendous pressure, and fishery resources continue to decline (Pereira et al., 2023). Economic development has promoted the globalization of international fisheries and intensified competition and pressure on resources. The interconnectedness of global fisheries markets has led some countries to adopt overfishing strategies in order to remain competitive, ignoring the natural renewal cycle of resources. This global
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