International Journal of Marine Science, 2024, Vol.14, No.2, 74-82 http://www.aquapublisher.com/index.php/ijms 77 serious. Social and economic difficulties force fishermen to adopt short-term profit-making strategies, which undoubtedly further accelerates the depletion of resources. Peru in South America also provides a thought-provoking case. Peru's fishery was once the backbone of the country's economy, but due to long-term overfishing and fluctuations in fishery resources caused by climate change, Peru's fishery is in trouble (James et al., 2023). In particular , Peruvian herring, one of the main species in Peruvian waters, has experienced mass deaths due to abnormal sea temperatures caused by climate change (Figure 2), triggering a sharp reduction in fishery resources in the region. This phenomenon has not only dealt a heavy blow to Peruvian fishery operators and related industries, but has also had a knock-on impact on species such as whale sharks around the world that rely on herring as a food source. Figure 2 A large number of Peruvian herring died on the coast Together, these cases demonstrate the complexity and multifactorial nature of fishery resource decline on a global scale. Socio-economic factors play a key role in this. From economic development pressure to the lack of effective fisheries management policies, to social vulnerability and the impact of climate change, a series of intertwined issues make the decline of fishery resources a comprehensive one. challenge. These cases not only remind everyone of the need for global cooperation to formulate scientific and sustainable fisheries management policies, but also emphasize the importance of socioeconomic factors in protecting and maintaining fishery resources. 2 Social Policy and Fishery Sustainability Social policies are also indispensable in the sustainable development of fisheries. Through reasonable fishery management regulations, social security and economic incentives, social policies can guide fishermen to adopt sustainable fishing methods and maintain the health of fishery resources. At the same time, social policies should focus on ensuring the livelihood of fishermen and the sustainable development of communities, ensuring that fishery activities not only meet short-term economic needs, but also take into account long-term ecological balance, and jointly promote fishery sustainability. 2.1 Evolution of fisheries management policies The evolution of fisheries management policies is a process closely linked to social, technological and environmental changes. Initially, fisheries policy focused primarily on the development and utilization of resources to meet people's demand for seafood. However, with the awakening of overfishing and resource decline, policy gradually shifted towards a focus on sustainability. Since the mid-20th century, the international community has gradually recognized the dangers of overfishing, leading to the formulation of a series of international agreements aimed at limiting fishing activities and maintaining the health of resources (Viola et al., 2022).
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