International Journal of Marine Science, 2024, Vol.14, No.2, 74-82 http://www.aquapublisher.com/index.php/ijms 76 triggered the collapse of ecosystems, and the loss of biodiversity has become an irreversible trend. This not only threatens the balance of marine ecology, but also has a direct impact on the global food chain and ecological balance. Social instability and competition for resources between regions have triggered conflicts, making the decline of fishery resources a global security issue. 1.2 The role of socioeconomic factors in the decline of fishery resources In the complex background of fishery resource decline, socioeconomic factors are a key point. The relationship between socioeconomic factors and fishery resources is closely intertwined, and its status is that it directly shapes and affects all aspects of fishery activities (Liu, 2023). The decline of fishery resources is not only an ecological problem, but also a problem in the social and economic structure. Socioeconomic pressure directly drives overexploitation of fishery resources. The continuous growth of the global population and economic development have led to a rapid increase in demand for fishery products, and society's over-reliance on fishery resources has become one of the driving forces behind the decline of resources. This economic pressure makes fishing activities tend to pursue short-term economic benefits while ignoring the sustainability of resources. In addition, fishermen's livelihoods are directly affected by socioeconomic factors. Social policies, employment opportunities and welfare systems are directly related to fishermen's income and living standards. In communities that lack social security, medical and educational opportunities, fishermen face greater economic pressure and may be inclined to adopt irresponsible fishing methods to maintain basic livelihoods, thus exacerbating the over-exploitation of resources. Fisheries management policies are also influenced by socioeconomic factors. Policy formulation and implementation are often influenced by social pressure and economic interests. If society's demand for fishery resources is too urgent, policies may tend to relax fishing restrictions too much and lack effective supervision, thus accelerating resource depletion. Socioeconomic factors also challenge the risks of sustainable fisheries management amid declining fishery resources. Unbalanced economic development and unfair distribution of social resources make some communities more vulnerable and more difficult to adapt to changes in resources. This may lead to over-exploitation of resources and illegal fishing, exacerbating the decline of fishery resources. The impact of the decline of fishery resources on the socio-economic system cannot be ignored. The economic losses are obvious, as fisheries are an important economic pillar for many countries and regions. The depletion of resources has not only led to a sharp decline in fishing volume, but also threatened the steady development of related industrial chains. Social instability also becomes a possible outcome, as uneven distribution and reduction of resources can easily lead to social dissatisfaction and tension. In the context of globalization, the decline of fishery resources has had a wide-ranging impact on the international community. Resource depletion and instability may trigger resource competition between regions and even lead to conflicts. This makes the decline of fishery resources a global security issue, involving international relations and the stability of the global economy. 1.3 Case study on the decline of global fishery resources Case studies on the decline of global fishery resources present a grim reality, highlighting the huge impact of socioeconomic factors on fishery resources. What deserves the most attention is the status of fishery resources in the North Atlantic. Over the past few decades, the North Atlantic was once one of the richest fishery resources, but due to overfishing, climate change and environmental pollution, the numbers of many fish stocks have declined sharply, including economically important species such as Atlantic cod. This recession not only had a huge impact on fishery practitioners, but also affected the economic development of related countries. Socioeconomic pressures drive fishermen to adopt irresponsible fishing methods, leading to further resource degradation. Another notable case occurred in the Indian Ocean coastal countries of East Africa. The fishery resources in these areas have long been an important source of livelihood for local residents. However, due to the lack of effective fishery management policies, socioeconomic vulnerability, and the impact of climate change, the resources of many fisheries are facing the threat of collapse (Lu et al., 2021). Overfishing, illegal fishing and the use of destructive fishing methods such as bottom trawling have made the decline of fishery resources in the region more
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