International Journal of Marine Science, 2024, Vol.14, No.1, 6-13 http://www.aquapublisher.com/index.php/ijms 6 Review and Progress Open Access Seasonal Changes and Influencing Factors of Floating Biological Communities on the Surface of the Ocean Linglong Shao1, Mengyue Chen2,WeiWang 2 1 Ningbo City Commercial Management Co., Ltd, Ningbo, 315000, China 2 Cuixi Academy of Biotechnology, Zhuji, 311800, China Corresponding author email: 2741098603@qq.com International Journal of Marine Science, 2024, Vol.14, No.1, doi: 10.5376/ijms.2024.14.0002 Received: 19 Nov., 2023 Accepted: 28 Dec., 2023 Published: 20 Jan., 2024 Copyright © 2024 Shao et al., This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Preferred citation for this article: Shao L.L., Chen M.Y., and Wang W., 2024, Seasonal changes and influencing factors of floating biological communities on the surface of the ocean, International Journal of Marine Science, 14(1): 6-13 (doi: 10.5376/ijms.2024.14.0002) Abstract Marine plankton is a special ecological group of marine plankton, which is a key component of the marine planktonic food web, material cycle, and energy flow. Its biomass level and population structure greatly affect the output rate of carbon cycle. Floating organisms mainly inhabit the surface layer of the ocean (including organisms inhabiting the surface facial mask and the air sea interface). Because this surface layer has a special physical and chemical environment and a complex and changeable community, and it is the place where many economic fish eggs and larvae are concentrated, it is of certain significance in theory and practice to study the community of marine surface plankton. This study focuses on the seasonal variation characteristics of marine floating organisms communities, specifically elaborating on the seasonal effects of light, temperature, salinity, and other human activities on surface floating organisms. Finally, it summarizes some relevant roles and protection strategies, providing scientific theoretical basis for marine ecosystem research. Keywords Floating organisms; Ecological community; Seasonal changes; Food web The ocean is one of the Earth's most extensive ecosystems, with its biological communities playing a crucial role in the functionality and stability of the Earth's ecosystem. In the ocean, the surface-floating biological community is a key ecological community, encompassing a wide range of species such as phytoplankton, zooplankton, and floating bacteria. These floating biological communities are involved in essential processes in the ocean, including photosynthesis, energy transfer, nutrient cycling, and carbon fixation. They play a vital role in the structure and function of marine food webs and ecosystems. However, the composition and structure of surface-floating biological communities in the ocean are not static; they change dramatically with the seasons. Seasonal changes are a common phenomenon in marine ecosystems and are influenced by various environmental factors, including temperature, salinity, light, and nutrients. Understanding the seasonal variations of surface-floating biological communities in the ocean and the influencing factors is of great significance for comprehending the functionality and responses of marine ecosystems. This review aims to investigate the seasonal variations and influencing factors of surface-floating biological communities in the ocean, analyzing the changes in species composition, abundance, and diversity indices of surface-floating biological during different seasons (Liu et al., 2013). Additionally, it will examine the impact of various environmental factors, such as temperature, salinity, and light, on the seasonal variations of surface-floating biological communities, exploring their mechanisms and interactions. Furthermore, it will explore the roles of seasonal floating organic matter, including phytoplankton, zooplankton, and floating bacteria, within the surface biological community, as well as the effects of climate change and human activities on surface-floating biological communities. By conducting in-depth research on the seasonal variations and influencing factors of surface-floating biological communities in the ocean, the dynamic changes and response mechanisms of marine ecosystems can be better understood. This is of significant importance in the fields of ecology, marine science, as well as environmental conservation and management. The research findings will provide a scientific basis for the preservation of marine biodiversity, ecosystem management, and the development of climate change adaptation strategies.
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