International Journal of Marine Science, 2024, Vol.14, No.1, 57-65 http://www.aquapublisher.com/index.php/ijms 61 survival rates. However, this adjustment of breeding time cannot be successfully achieved by all species, especially those species that have strict requirements for specific environmental conditions. They may not be able to find the right breeding time, resulting in a decrease in reproductive success rate (Zhang, 2023). Climate change also affects the migration patterns of species. Many animals, especially birds and marine mammals, rely on specific migration routes and habitats for seasonal migrations. As climate conditions and habitat characteristics change, these species have to adjust their migration routes and even find new habitats. This adjustment not only requires species to have the ability to quickly adapt to environmental changes, but may also face unknown challenges in the new environment, such as insufficient food resources, new predators and competitors, and habitat destruction. The impact of environmental changes on breeding grounds is also an important aspect of the need to adjust breeding and migration patterns. For species that rely on specific breeding grounds, such as sea turtles and certain fish species, rising sea levels and habitat destruction due to climate change directly threaten their reproductive success. This forces species to find new breeding grounds, but suitable breeding grounds may become increasingly scarce, further increasing the survival challenges they face. 3 Adaptation Strategies of Marine Organisms 3.1 Species migration and habitat selection In the context of coping with global climate change, marine organisms maintain their survival and reproduction through a variety of adaptation strategies, among which species migration and habitat selection are one of their important means of adaptation. This is not only a strategy for species to adapt to environmental changes, but also reflects the complexity of interactions and dependencies between ecosystems (Pandori and Sorte, 2019; Li et al., 2022). Species migration refers to the movement of marine organisms to more suitable areas in order to escape adverse environmental conditions, such as excessively high water temperatures or unsuitable salinity. As global sea temperatures rise, many fish and marine mammals have begun migrating to the polar regions or deeper waters in search of cooler waters. For example, Atlantic cod, whose distribution range is moving northward to adapt to colder water environments due to rising sea temperatures. Habitat selection involves marine organisms choosing the most suitable location for survival based on changes in environmental conditions. This includes not only physical conditions such as temperature and salinity, but also ecological factors such as the availability of food resources, the presence of predators, and conspecific competition. For example, sea turtles choose to lay their eggs on warm beaches because the temperature of the beach affects the sex ratio and hatching success of sea turtle hatchlings. As global temperatures rise, some sea turtle populations are beginning to seek sandy beaches farther north as nesting grounds in search of more favorable temperature conditions. As sea levels rise and coastlines change, organisms in some coastal habitats, such as mangroves and salt marshes, are also facing habitat selection pressures. These biological populations need to adapt to changes in their habitats and find new suitable locations to maintain their survival and reproduction. 3.2 Physiological adaptation mechanism The physiological adaptation mechanism is a series of internal adjustments made by organisms to environmental changes, in order to maintain the normal progress of their life activities and the survival and reproduction of populations. These mechanisms cover multi-level responses from molecules to cells, from organs to the entire organism, enabling organisms to maintain the stability and adaptability of their physiological functions in the face of environmental factors such as temperature changes, water pressure, salinity changes, and oxygen concentration changes. In terms of temperature adaptation, organisms adapt to different temperature conditions by changing their metabolic rate, protein expression, and the fluidity of their cell membranes. For example, polar fish adapt to
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