International Journal of Marine Science, 2024, Vol.14, No.1, 57-65 http://www.aquapublisher.com/index.php/ijms 60 Figure 1 Trend in marine biodiversity and climate change (Dube, 2024) Changes in the marine environment caused by climate change, such as rising sea temperatures and ocean acidification, affect the productivity of marine plankton, which is the basis of the marine food web. When basic productivity is affected, the entire food web will be affected by chain reactions, including affecting the distribution, abundance, and survival of advanced predators such as fish, seabirds, and marine mammals. Climate change also affects the geographical distribution of species, forcing some species to migrate to new habitats in search of suitable living conditions. Such migrations not only alter the composition of native food webs, but may also introduce new predators or competitors that disrupt existing interspecies interactions and balances. For example, the migration of some predatory fish species from temperate regions to polar regions may pose a threat to native species that they would not otherwise encounter. Extreme weather events exacerbated by climate change, such as heat waves, droughts and floods, are also having severe impacts on food webs. These extreme events can not only directly cause species death, but can also indirectly affect the structure and function of food webs by changing habitat conditions and the amount of available resources. For example, extreme precipitation events may cause changes in nutrient concentrations in rivers and lakes, affecting the growth and reproduction of aquatic organisms, thereby affecting the food web structure of the entire aquatic ecosystem. 2.3 Need for adjustment of breeding and migration patterns As global climate change increasingly impacts ecosystems, many species are having to adjust their breeding and migration patterns to adapt to these changes. These adjustments are inevitable choices that organisms make when facing changes in habitat, changes in food resources, and changes in climatic conditions in order to survive and reproduce. The need to adjust reproduction and migration patterns reflects the ability of organisms to respond to environmental changes, and also reveals the profound impact of ecosystem changes on species life cycles. Changes in seasonal weather patterns caused by climate change, such as earlier springs and longer winters, are affecting the breeding times of many species. For example, some birds and insects have begun to breed earlier to ensure that their young are born during a period when food resources are most abundant, thereby increasing
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