International Journal of Marine Science, 2024, Vol.14, No.2, 40-50 http://www.aquapublisher.com/index.php/ijms 45 3.2 Technological innovation and application Technological innovation has greatly promoted the development of marine science, especially in ocean monitoring. With the advancement of remote sensing technology, automated buoy systems, and deep-sea detection technology, scientists are now able to monitor the physical, chemical, and biological parameters of the ocean in real time. The application of these technologies has greatly improved our observation capabilities and prediction accuracy of ocean changes. For example, Millar et al. (2021) discuss how innovations in mapping can help support the Ocean Decade. Leveraging innovations such as satellite positioning, satellite imaging technology, remote operations, autonomous vehicles and robotics, as well as analytics and cloud automation, we provide safer, more efficient, affordable and sustainable ocean survey and mapping solutions. In terms of ocean management, technological innovation also plays a crucial role. The application of information technology and data analysis tools enables marine managers to process large amounts of marine data more effectively and achieve sustainable management of marine resources. For example, marine robotics plays a key role in performing increasingly complex and challenging maritime tasks (Zerik et al., 2018). The Research Team on Industrial Remotely Operated Vehicles (ROVs) has brought together an international group of ROV experts from academia and industry to identify key issues in ocean science that can be supported by increasing access to industrial ROVs and working with companies that use them (Macreadie et al., 2018). Scientific research and technological innovation play an irreplaceable role in protecting ocean health and promoting sustainable development of the ocean. By continuing to deepen our scientific understanding of marine ecosystems and advancing technological innovation, we are expected to find effective ways to address ocean health challenges. In the future, strengthening interdisciplinary and cross-field cooperation and continuing to invest in marine scientific research and technology development will be crucial to achieving the goals of sustainable ocean development. 4 Practical Paths and Case Studies Within the framework of the global initiative “United Nations Decade of Ocean Science”, countries and relevant organizations responded actively and launched a series of projects and practices aimed at protecting the marine environment, restoring ocean health, and promoting sustainable development of the ocean. These projects cover many aspects such as the establishment of a global ocean observation system, the protection of key marine ecosystems, and the application of scientific research and technological innovation in ocean management. The following are several typical cases that demonstrate how to promote the restoration and sustainable development of ocean health in practice through scientific research and technological innovation. 4.1 Specific project paths under the framework of the “Ocean Decade” The Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS) is an international cooperation project aimed at integrating Earth observation systems to provide real-time and accurate data on changes in the global ocean environment. GOOS collects data on ocean temperature, salinity, sea level, sea ice cover, and biochemical parameters by deploying a series of ocean observation tools, such as buoys, satellites, and ship observation systems. These data are important for understanding the impact of global climate change, predicting extreme weather events, managing marine resources, and formulating marine protection policies (Moltmann et al., 2019). Through GOOS, scientists can better monitor ocean health and provide scientific basis for global ocean management. In addition, Trakadas et al. (2019) proposed to strengthen the integration of archeology in marine sciences by creating a Marine Decade Heritage Network under the framework of the United Nations Decade of Ocean Science (2021~2030). Heymans et al. (2020) discuss how the Ocean Decade represents a true ecosystem modeling challenge, aiming to achieve a clean, healthy, resilient ocean through a series of specific goals, including identifying and removing pollution sources, mapping and protecting Marine ecosystems, understanding current and future ocean conditions, and more. Caruso et al. (2022) explored how the Ocean Decade can create a new foundation for ocean science and sustainable development, strengthen the sustainable management of oceans and coasts by strengthening the integration of science and policy interfaces, and bring benefits to future generations.
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