International Journal of Aquaculture, 2025, Vol.15, No.6, 308-316 http://www.aquapublisher.com/index.php/ija 314 sea area to "rest" to restore the environment. Such an arrangement may seem troublesome, but it makes the water quality more stable and the output more guaranteed. On the other hand, the promotion of brand building has also played a significant role. Relying on geographical indications such as "Xiapu Porphyra", the local area has implemented standardized production and strict quality inspection, making the products more recognizable. With the addition of emerging channels such as e-commerce live streaming, the reputation and price of Fujian porphyra have been rising steadily. Adhering to ecological priority and attaching importance to brand building have been proven to be the right paths. In 2009, Xiapu County was awarded the title of "Hometown of porphyra in China", an honor that seems more like an affirmation of years of efforts. Figure 2 Economic sustainability evaluation cloud drop chart (Adopted from Li et al., 2023) 8 Future Prospects and Challenges 8.1 Potential impacts of global climate change on porphyra cultivation The issue of global warming is no longer a "future risk" for the porphyra industry, but an immediate problem. In recent years, many aquaculture areas in the south have witnessed a significant decline in production due to warmer winters. The rise in seawater temperature has shortened the growth period of porphyra. What is more troublesome is that extreme weather conditions such as typhoons and heavy rain are becoming increasingly frequent, and it is not uncommon for facilities to be destroyed and suffer heavy losses. Abnormal water temperature and salinity can also easily cause disease outbreaks, while the slow change of ocean acidification is quietly affecting the reproduction and physiological state of porphyra (Chapot et al., 2024). However, farmers raising livestock are not helpless. Fujian, Zhejiang and other places have begun to attempt to cultivate new varieties with high temperature resistance, strengthen the breeding racks and anti-wave facilities, and adjust the seedling release and harvesting time according to climate prediction to minimize risks (Singh et al., 2023). The uncertainty of the climate may not be completely eliminated, but the wisdom to deal with it is accumulating. 8.2 Challenges of market fluctuations and industrial upgrading The fluctuation in the price of porphyra is sometimes even more worrying than the weather. During the harvest season, supply exceeds demand and prices plummet. Once a disaster year comes, insufficient production causes prices to soar, which in turn stimulates blind expansion and makes the risks even higher. To stabilize the market, insurance and industry self-discipline are particularly important. On the other hand, the problem of labor shortage is becoming increasingly prominent. Young people are reluctant to go into business to grow seaweed, and labor costs are also on the rise. The transformation towards mechanization and intelligence is imperative. For instance,
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