International Journal of Aquaculture, 2025, Vol.15, No.6, 308-316 http://www.aquapublisher.com/index.php/ija 312 protect the Marine environment. Some pilot projects have also utilized the ability of porphyra to rapidly absorb nutrients to treat eutrophic waters, achieving good results (Tedesco et al., 2018). It is evident that porphyra cultivation, in its innovative practice, has achieved dual functions of production and ecological restoration. 5 Development of Sustainable Porphyra Farming Technologies 5.1 Innovations in eco-friendly cultivation models A variety of eco-friendly model innovations have emerged in the field of porphyra cultivation. Integrated multi-trophic level aquaculture (IMTA) is a major highlight. By co-culturing shellfish and fish near the porphyra field, porphyra can absorb nutrients from the aquaculture waste, and shellfish can filter the water quality, achieving nutrient recycling and improving environmental benefits (Li et al., 2024). Another innovation is deep-water anti-wave aquaculture. By using sturdy floating rafts to set up porphyra net curtains in the offshore deep water area, far from the ecologically sensitive nearshore areas, the deep-sea water quality is better, which is conducive to high porphyra yields and reduces the occupation and impact on the coastal areas. In addition, promote the use of degradable and biomaterials to replace foam plastic floats and reduce aquaculture waste pollution (Zhao et al., 2015). Through these model innovations, the environmental footprint of porphyra cultivation has been further reduced, and the level of sustainable development has been continuously improved. 5.2 Progress in germplasm improvement and stress resistance research The major producing countries are continuously promoting the selection and breeding of high-quality varieties of porphyra to increase production and enhance stress resistance. China has cultivated six new varieties of porphyra through techniques such as mutagenesis and hybridization (including four of the jar porphyra and two of the striped porphyra), which has extended the porphyra cultivation season in the south and increased the unit yield. Japan and South Korea have also bred porphyra varieties with better quality and stronger disease resistance for industrial improvement (Medina et al., 2022). To support breeding research, China and other countries have established laver germplasm resource banks, preserving a rich variety of strains for selection and utilization. The large-scale promotion of excellent new varieties such as high-temperature resistance and disease resistance has significantly enhanced the stable production capacity and product quality of the porphyra industry, providing support for responding to environmental changes in the future (Tham et al., 2021). 6 Social and Policy Drivers 6.1 Government policy support and industry standardization The growth of the porphyra industry cannot be separated from the multi-faceted promotion of the government. At first, the government mainly focused on the use and management of sea areas, avoiding disorderly competition and ecological damage by designating aquaculture zones and restricting density. Subsequently, tangible support was provided in terms of finance and technology. porphyra was included in the revitalization plans for Marine economy and modern fishery, and projects such as breeding of superior varieties and upgrading of processing were funded. Farmers could also obtain loan interest subsidies and insurance subsidies. These measures significantly reduced operational risks (Parrao et al., 2021). Meanwhile, the government has gradually improved product quality standards and food safety regulations, enabling the quality and international competitiveness of porphyra to be enhanced simultaneously. Environmental protection supervision has also been emphasized: it is required to clear abandoned nets in a timely manner and monitor water quality regularly to ensure the safety of the aquaculture environment (Liu et al., 2024). With the "protection" of these policies, the porphyra industry can steadily expand in a regulated and orderly manner. 6.2 Fisher cooperatives and local economic development Compared with the macro guidance of policies, fishermen's cooperatives are more like the "micro engines" for industrial development. Many small-scale farmers can purchase seedlings together, share processing equipment and sell products centrally by joining cooperatives, thereby enhancing their bargaining power and income (Belton et al., 2020). The experiences of Japan and South Korea show that the strict management of cooperative organizations can not only ensure product quality but also stabilize fishermen's income. In recent years, there has
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