International Journal of Aquaculture, 2025, Vol.15, No.6, 308-316 http://www.aquapublisher.com/index.php/ija 309 porphyra generally thrive in water temperatures ranging from 10 ° C~20 ° C. Therefore, climate and seasonal changes directly affect the cultivation cycle and geographical distribution of porphyra (Machado et al., 2020). This study aims to comprehensively explore the current economic and environmental status and future development directions of porphyra cultivation. Through literature review and case analysis, this paper analyzes the economic output, employment and trade contribution of the porphyra industry, assesses the positive and negative impacts of its aquaculture activities on Marine ecosystems, and sorts out the technical and management measures for achieving sustainable development. At the same time, pay attention to the role of policy support and social factors in the rise and fall of industries. 2 Current Status of the Porphyra Cultivation Industry 2.1 Major porphyra producing countries and global yield distribution Porphyra cultivation takes the coastal countries of East Asia as the core, forming a huge industrial cluster. Among them, China is currently the world's largest producer of porphyra, with an annual dry porphyra output of over 200 000 tons (equivalent to several million tons of wet weight), accounting for more than half of the global supply. South Korea ranks second in terms of porphyra production, with an annual wet weight of approximately several hundred thousand tons, and also holds a significant market share. Although the output of porphyra in Japan reached its peak in the 1990s, it has remained stable at around 200 000~300 000 tons (wet weight) per year in recent years due to factors such as Marine environment and labor force. Countries like North Korea have also developed porphyra farming, but due to the limitations of technological levels, the scale is relatively limited. Apart from China, Japan and South Korea, some Southeast Asian and European and American countries have also attempted to develop porphyra cultivation. However, the current output is relatively small, and the global market supply mainly still relies on the East Asian region. The production areas of porphyra in China are mainly distributed in coastal provinces such as Fujian, Zhejiang and Jiangsu. There are large-scale porphyra farming areas along the Ariake Sea and Setonaikai Sea in Japan, as well as in the southwestern and southern waters of South Korea (Qiu et al., 2021). Due to the high natural conditions and technical requirements for porphyra cultivation, the East Asia region, with its suitable sea areas and rich experience, will still dominate the global porphyra supply pattern in the foreseeable future. 2.2 Comparison of porphyra industries in china, japan, and south korea China, Japan and South Korea, as major producers, each have their own characteristics in the development of the porphyra industry. After China mastered the artificial seedling cultivation technology of porphyra in the middle of the 20th century, the scale of its cultivation expanded rapidly. Provinces such as Fujian, Zhejiang and Jiangsu formed a complete industrial chain of seedling cultivation - cultivation - processing. The main breeding entities are family farmers and cooperatives, with high output and a wide variety of products. Besides supplying the domestic market, the products are also exported in large quantities overseas (Show, 2020). The Japanese seaweed industry has a long history. It implements unified management of aquaculture areas and production and sales by fishery cooperatives. The products are of excellent quality and mainly target the domestic market (Machado et al., 2020). In recent years, due to the aging of the fishing labor force and the decline in output, it is necessary to import some high-quality seaweed from South Korea to make up for it. The porphyra industry in South Korea has developed rapidly since the 1960s. By introducing new varieties and expanding the aquaculture sea areas, it has now achieved stable high yields. Most South Korean farmers entrust fresh porphyra to cooperatives or enterprises for centralized processing, creating internationally renowned porphyra brands and exporting a large number of products. 2.3 Product diversification and market trends of porphyra With the upgrading of consumption and technological innovation, porphyra products are becoming increasingly diverse. In the past, dried seaweed slices were mainly used for sushi and soup bases. Nowadays, various seasoned ready-to-eat seaweed snacks are popular in the market, meeting the leisure consumption demands of the young generation. Porphyra fragments have also been added to foods such as biscuits and noodles to enhance Marine flavor and nutrition (Qiu et al., 2021). Porphyra is rich in active substances such as protein and polysaccharides. It
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