International Journal of Aquaculture, 2025, Vol.15, No.6, 298-307 http://www.aquapublisher.com/index.php/ija 306 technology are used to keep the water environment clean and stable. During the incubation process, natural antibacterial means (such as plant extracts) are used as much as possible to prevent oomycete and avoid the use of drugs that may pollute the environment. Eco-friendliness is also reflected in maintaining biodiversity during the breeding process, such as avoiding disordered hybridization between different strains or species, and protecting wild yellow catfish germplasm resources. By constructing a low-emission, low-energy-consumption breeding system, the pollution pressure of wastewater and residual bait on surrounding waters is reduced (Kim et al., 2024). 8.3 Frontiers in reproductive biology research of yellow catfish Looking to the future, research on the reproductive biology of yellow catfish will focus on multiple frontier directions. On the one hand, it is necessary to deeply analyze the internal mechanism of yellow catfish reproduction, such as neuroendocrine regulation, gametogenesis mechanism and other basic issues. Studying the role of key hormones and genes on the pituitary-gonadal axis of yellow catfish through molecular biology and omics technology can reveal the regulatory network that affects ovarian maturation, ovulation and spermatogenesis. At the same time, the process of egg fertilization and early embryo development is carefully observed with the help of microscopic imaging and other means to find ways to improve the fertilization rate and embryo survival rate (Gong et al., 2018; Huang et al., 2022). On the other hand, cutting-edge research also focuses on innovations in reproductive technology and environmental conditions. The development of more efficient and environmentally friendly methods of artificial induction of labor (such as new ovulation induction drugs or physical stimulation technology) is one of the hot topics, and improving hatchery equipment and processes to increase the survival rate of fry has also attracted much attention. In addition, it is also important to explore the reproductive adaptation mechanism of yellow catfish to environmental changes such as water temperature and hydrology in the context of climate change, in order to adjust breeding strategies to cope with the uncertain environment in the future (Liao et al., 2018; Chen et al., 2022). Acknowledgments The authors would like to thank all teachers and colleagues who provided guidance and assistance during this research, and for the peer review's revision suggestions. Conflict of Interest Disclosure The authors confirm that the study was conducted without any commercial or financial relationships and could be interpreted as a potential conflict of interest. References Chen F., Zhong C., Song C., Chen S., He Y., and Tan X., 2021, Molecular characterization and functional analysis of two steroidogenic genes TSPO and SMAD4 in yellow catfish, International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(9): 4505. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22094505 Chen M., Lu Z., Liu Y., Li B., Gao Z., and Shen Z., 2022, High-temperature stress will put the thermo-sensitive teleost yellow catfish (Tachysurus fulvidraco) in danger through reducing reproductivity, Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 239: 113638. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113638 Dong Z., Ge J., Li K., Xu Z., Liang D., Li J., Li J., Jia W., Li Y., Dong X., Cao S., Wang X., Pan J., and Zhao Q., 2011, Heritable targeted inactivation of myostatin gene in yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco) using engineered zinc finger nucleases, PLoS ONE, 6(12): e28897. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0028897 Farmer T., Marschall E., Dąbrowski K., and Ludsin S., 2015, Short winters threaten temperate fish populations, Nature Communications, 6: 7724. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms8724 Gong G., Dan C., Xiao S., Guo W., Huang P., Xiong Y., Wu J., He Y., Zhang J., Li X., Chen N., Gui J., and Mei J., 2018, Chromosomal-level assembly of yellow catfish genome using third-generation DNA sequencing and Hi-C analysis, GigaScience, 7(11): 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1093/gigascience/giy120 Guo J., Pu Y., Zhong L., Wang K., Duan X., and Chen D., 2021, Lead impaired immune function and tissue integrity in yellow catfish (Peltobargus fulvidraco) by mediating oxidative stress inflammatory response and apoptosis, Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 226: 112857. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112857 Hettiarachchi D., Alston V., Bern L., Al-Armanazi J., Su B., Shang M., Wang J., Xing D., Li S., Litvak M., Dunham R., and Butts I., 2024, Advancing aquaculture: production of xenogenic catfish by transplanting blue catfish (Ictalurus furcatus) and channel catfish (I.punctatus) stem cells into white catfish (Ameiurus catus) triploid fry, PLoS ONE, 19(6): e0302687. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0302687
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