International Journal of Aquaculture, 2025, Vol.15, No.6, 287-297 http://www.aquapublisher.com/index.php/ija 295 foundation such as low-trophic organisms, coral reefs and seagrass beds is damaged, the chain reaction will be transmitted upwards all the way, making the entire food web unstable. In the end, those who are most affected are often those who make a living by the sea. Coastal and island communities bear the brunt: ecological damage is one aspect, and economic decline and increased social vulnerability are the other (Cinner et al., 2022). 8.2 Adaptive management and resilience building of fishery systems In the face of these constantly changing challenges, the traditional "static" fishery management approach is clearly no longer sufficient. More and more countries are beginning to try more flexible and timely adaptive management models. Ecosystem-based Fisheries Management (EBFM) is one of the core ideas. It takes into account multi-species relationships, environmental fluctuations and food web structure comprehensively, thereby delaying resource decline and enhancing system resilience under the pressure of climate change. There are various specific approaches: some use scenario planning and risk assessment to predict trends in advance, some use real-time biological and environmental data to dynamically adjust fishing areas and times, and others continuously test the effectiveness of new rules through management strategy assessment (MSE). In some regions with limited management capabilities, decision-makers are more inclined to adopt "prudent" measures, such as setting minimum fishing sizes, seasonal fishing bans or establishing protected areas, giving priority to maintaining species structure and genetic diversity. In addition, encouraging fishery diversification and establishing a flexible mechanism for transferring fishing efforts can also help communities have more fallback options when resources or markets fluctuate. This kind of "resilient thinking" is obviously more realistic than simply controlling fishing. 8.3 Case analysis: climate-adaptive fisheries management practices in Pacific Island countries For Pacific island countries, climate change is not a distant scientific concept but a real problem in daily life. The decline in fish catches and the migration of fish to more distant seas mean that there are fewer fish on the dining table for communities that almost rely on the sea for a living, and family incomes have also shrunk accordingly. In the face of this situation, some communities did not wait for external assistance but took the initiative to find ways to deal with it: some expanded the scope of their operations, some adjusted their fishing methods, and others simply changed their fishing targets, all to ensure that the total catch and income would not fluctuate significantly. Meanwhile, cooperation at the regional level is regarded as another way out. Island countries have begun to share monitoring data, establish dynamic quota systems and carry out joint law enforcement to address the complex issues of cross-border fishery resource allocation. More subtle changes are taking place within the community: fishermen are encouraged to get involved in managing affairs, develop side businesses, and even shift to more sustainable fishing models. Such measures may seem scattered, but they all point to the same core, to survive in a changing climate, scientific management, regional collaboration and community participation are all indispensable. The various practices of Pacific island countries are different, but they collectively demonstrate a pragmatic wisdom and provide a referenceable path for fishery adaptation in other regions (Cinner et al., 2022). Acknowledgements Thank you to all reviewers for their meticulous review, and also thank the members of the research team and technicians for their support in experimental design and data analysis. Conflict of Interest Disclosure The authors confirm that the study was conducted without any commercial or financial relationships and could be interpreted as a potential conflict of interest. References Belton B., Little D., Zhang W., Edwards P., Skladany M., and Thilsted S., 2020, Farming fish in the sea will not nourish the world, Nature Communications, 11(1): 5804. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-19679-9 Boström‐Einarsson L., Babcock R., Bayraktarov E., Ceccarelli D., Cook N., Ferse S., Hancock B., Harrison P., Hein M., Shaver E., Smith A., Suggett D., Stewart-Sinclair P., Vardi T., and McLeod I., 2020, Coral restoration – a systematic review of current methods successes failures and future directions, PLoS ONE, 15(1): e0226631. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0226631
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