International Journal of Aquaculture, 2025, Vol.15, No.6, 287-297 http://www.aquapublisher.com/index.php/ija 290 and filled the gap in government management through the cooperation of the market, enterprises and non-governmental organizations (Crona et al., 2019). No matter which model is adopted, its effectiveness ultimately depends on whether the legal basis is solid, whether the management capabilities are in place, whether the stakeholders actively participate, and whether the socio-economic conditions can provide support (Swasey et al., 2021). 3.3 Conflict of interest and coordination mechanism in policy implementation The difficulty in fishery management often does not lie in the design of the system itself, but in the various resistances during the implementation process. Frictions are inevitable among different countries, regions and interest groups: whether it is the fishing rights and quota allocation of cross-border fish, or market access and resource protection, once the interests of all parties are touched, disputes are likely to arise. In addition, due to the lack of cross-scale coordination mechanisms, situations such as external fishermen "free-riding" and the failure of community supervision often occur. To address these contradictions, some collaborative mechanisms have gradually emerged internationally, such as data sharing, joint law enforcement, benefit compensation, cross-border fishing licensing systems, and the establishment of regional Marine protected areas. Meanwhile, a key point lies in the transparency and participation of the decision-making process: If the decision-making process is more open and transparent, the scientific basis is clearer, and all parties participate more fully, the effect of policy implementation is usually better (Seara et al., 2024). However, climate change is making the distribution of fish stocks increasingly unpredictable, and the old systems may soon fail. The future governance framework may need to be more flexible and inclusive, and be able to adjust in a timely manner in response to environmental changes. Otherwise, even the most perfect system will find it difficult to keep up with the pace of ocean changes. 4 Sustainable Fishing Practices and Technological Innovation 4.1 Selective fishing techniques and concurrent fishing reduction strategies When it comes to sustainable fisheries, what many people may first think of is not technology but management. But in fact, technological innovation often precedes policy. Take selective fishing as an example. In recent years, improvements to different fishing gear have been emerging one after another. For instance, in the longline fishing industry in the North Atlantic, fishermen have attempted to replace the traditional J-shaped hooks with circle hooks. Although this change is minor, it has significantly reduced the concurrent catch rate of non-target species such as sea turtles and also decreased the damage caused by deep-water creatures being caught by mistake. Of course, this has also led to a slight decrease in the fishing efficiency of certain target fish species (Lima et al., 2023). In operations such as shrimp trawling and sardine trawling, the introduction of mechanical separation equipment (such as Nordmøre grilles and "sorter" sorting devices) has achieved remarkable results - while maintaining the stability of the main catch, the concurrent catch has been reduced by more than 80% (Larsen et al., 2022; Eigaard et al., 2024). There are also some simpler improvement measures, such as shortening the soaking time of gill nets or avoiding operations during specific time periods, which can also effectively reduce the accidental catch of seabirds (Collins et al., 2025). Behind these seemingly fragmented technical adjustments, it actually reflects that the fishery is attempting a new balance: to avoid wasting resources as much as possible while minimizing ecological disturbance. 4.2 Application of new technologies in transparency and compliance supervision of the fishery industry Improving the transparency of the fishery industry sounds simple but is actually very difficult to do. Especially when the links of fishing, processing and transportation are disconnected from each other, illegal activities will have an opportunity to take advantage. Nowadays, new technologies are attempting to reconnect this chain. Technologies such as Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), Internet of Things (IoT), and blockchain have been able to achieve full traceability of fish catches from fishing to the market, making products "traceable" and enhancing consumer trust. Intelligent tags and wireless sensor networks can monitor the catch environment in real time and ensure the quality and safety of aquatic products. Some more complex applications also include fixed or mobile monitoring platforms, video acoustic imaging, and even environmental DNA (eDNA) detection. These means can continuously record the ecological changes in the deep sea or near the coast, providing first-hand data
RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy MjQ4ODYzNA==