International Journal of Aquaculture, 2025, Vol.15, No.6, 266-274 http://www.aquapublisher.com/index.php/ija 271 genera (Etyemez Büyükdeveci et al., 2018). Studies employing 16S rRNA gene sequencing confirmed these microbial shifts, whereas earlier research relying on culture-based methods reported enhanced counts of lactic acid bacteria and reduced Vibrio spp. (Talpur and Ikhwanuddin, 2012; Guo et al., 2015; Abdel-Tawwab et al., 2020). The implications of these changes are considerable: enrichment of probiotic taxa like Lactobacillus enhances short-chain fatty acid production, improves digestion, and stimulates mucosal immunity, while suppression of pathogenic taxa (e.g., Aeromonas hydrophila, Vibrio spp.) lowers the risk of septicemia and enteric diseases. Collectively, these findings suggest that garlic supports a more resilient gut microbiome, which translates into improved disease resistance and survival in aquaculture species. 2.2.5 Survive There have been various studies on the effects of garlic on fish health and survival. Research generally supports the beneficial effects of garlic when used properly. Some studies indicate improvements in growth rates, immune responses, and resistance to diseases. One of the experiment, they used garlic to test its effect on the survive rate on the brown trout (Salmo caspius), the survival percentage of fish fed garlic supplementation and control diet against Y. ruckeri for 14 days of challenge after 6 weeks of feeding so rhe results showed that the survival rate of bacteria challenge in fish fed garlic is more than that of the control group. The survival percentage of fish were 80, 70, and 50 in garlic addition of 30, 20, and 10 g/kg to the diet, respectively. The survival rate was higher in garlic administration at 30 g/ kg and it was 80%. Furthermore, mortality began on the sixth day of challenge in fish fed 20 g/kgand 30 g/kg garlic and on the third day in fish fed diet containing 10 g/kg garlic. While in the control group, mortality commenced from the first day of experiment and it was 100% after 6 days of challenge. All of the fish died showed sign of infection. Also garlic was examined for monosex Tilapia Zilli in Nigeria and it showed 80% exceeded in the survival rate and the best performance was for the 3% of dry garlic with 100% or no mortality recorder while the other treatment which no garlic added for, showed some diseases and mortality. Also in Egypt they tested the garlic effect on survival of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus also it showed a significant positive effect by enhancing the immune system of the Nile tilapia. Garlic supplementation has consistently improved fish survival, particularly under pathogen challenge. In Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), dietary inclusion of 30 g/kg garlic enhanced survival rates to 95%~100% when challenged with Streptococcus iniae, compared to 70%~75% in the control group (Foysal et al., 2019). Similarly, Abdel-Tawwab et al., (2020) reported that garlic diets reduced mortality of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) exposed to Vibrio alginolyticus, with survival exceeding 90%, whereas controls suffered over 40% mortality. In rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), garlic extract supplementation improved resistance to Aeromonas salmonicida challenge, with a reported LD₅₀ shifting from 1.2 × 10⁶ to 3.5 × 10⁶ CFU/mL, indicating stronger protection (Breyer et al., 2015). In addition to survival outcomes, garlic positively modulates specific immune markers. Studies have shown increases in lysozyme activity (20%~35%), complement activity (C3 and C4 proteins, +18%~25%), and phagocytic activity of leukocytes (+22%~30%) in garlic-fed groups relative to controls (Talpur and Ikhwanuddin, 2012; Adineh et al., 2020). These immunostimulatory effects are linked to allicin and other organosulfur compounds, which activate both innate and adaptive responses. Collectively, higher survival percentages under pathogen challenge and measurable improvements in immune parameters demonstrate that garlic enhances disease resistance beyond general growth-promoting effects. 3 Conclusion In conclusion, the comprehensive assessment of garlic supplement diet applications in aquaculture has revealed significant and multifaceted benefits for various fish species. The integration of garlic into fish diets has
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