International Journal of Aquaculture, 2025, Vol.15, No.5, 229-239 http://www.aquapublisher.com/index.php/ija 235 genes related to amino acid metabolism and mitochondrial respiration, which is contrary to the finding that individuals with slow-growing vannabinoid shrimps have increased metabolism (Figure 2) (Gao et al., 2022). This may be a different adaptation strategy caused by species differences: individuals with slow growth of vannabine shrimps improve metabolism and response stress, while individuals with fast growth of Chinese shrimps improve metabolism and make full use of limited growth seasons. Figure 2 Growth comparison of EcILP-KOand control group individuals (Adopted from Gao et al., 2022) Image caption: (A) 18 days after hatching, (B) 22 days after hatching, (C) One month after hatching, (D) Statistical changes in body length and body weight from 2 to 9 months after hatching. Error bars refer to the standard deviation. Pvalues are denoted: *P<0.05 (Adopted from Gao et al., 2022) 6.3 The response of molecular marker assisted breeding in Chinese shrimp Chinese shrimp breeding has always been dominated by traditional phenotypic selection, but the concept of molecular marker assisted breeding (MAS) has begun to be gradually introduced. On the one hand, during the breeding process of "Huanghai No. 1", due to the lack of mature molecular markers, breeding mainly relies on family selection and phenotypic screening. But breeding experts have long realized that the introduction of molecular markers can improve the accuracy of seed selection and shorten generation intervals. SSR markers screened in early QTL studies have tried to track allelic frequency changes in excellent families. However, due to the weak association effect of these markers with traits, the effect is not obvious in actual MAS. In recent years, with the enrichment of China's shrimp molecular marker resources, the prospects for MAS application have become clearer. The differential SNP sites identified by Liu Xu et al. can be used as candidate markers for monitoring breeding progress. If the allelic frequency changes at these loci are shown to be consistent with improvements in growth phenotypes, they can be used for early family screening. In addition to MAS, Chinese shrimp breeding may also apply genome-wide selection (GS) strategies. GS uses a large number of markers across the genome to predict individual sports species values, and does not rely on the identification of specific genes. It has been widely used in animal husbandry (Liu et al., 2023).
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