International Journal of Aquaculture, 2025, Vol.15, No.4, 165-174 http://www.aquapublisher.com/index.php/ija 172 so as to achieve sensitive monitoring of pollutants (Liu and Han, 2025). These molecular marker methods have high sensitivity, high specificity and automation characteristics, and are suitable for rapid early warning of algatoxin events. 7.2 Remote sensing and big data-driven toxin prediction model Satellite remote sensing technology can indirectly monitor the occurrence of algae blooms and estimate the concentration of chlorophyll by detecting changes in the water color spectrum, but it is still difficult to judge the specific toxin type. In recent years, methods combining machine learning and big data analysis have been used to construct toxin prediction models. Some studies use multi-source data (meteorology, nutrients, historical algae bloom event records, water quality parameters, etc.) to predict potential algae bloom outbreaks and toxin concentration trends. Integrated models such as deep neural networks and random forests have made progress in experiments, which can screen out the key environmental factors driving toxin accumulation and make dynamic predictions (a study combined with hydrodynamic model and pollution source distribution to achieve real-time forecasts of exogenous nitrogen and phosphorus input in lakes and microcystic toxin concentrations). Looking ahead, combining remote sensing high-frequency monitoring with machine learning models can achieve more timely and accurate toxin risk warnings and provide support for ecological management of large-scale waters such as reservoirs and lakes. 7.3 New high sensitivity analysis technology for toxin detection At the laboratory analysis level, with the advancement of instrument technology, algatoxin detection has entered the era of high sensitivity. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) technology can quantify multiple algatoxin isomers simultaneously, with sensitivity reaching the nanogram level, and has become the current detection standard; immunoassay methods (ELISA, colloidal gold) are widely used for rapid on-site screening due to their simple operation. In addition, new nanosensors and molecular probes are also under development, enabling direct dilution-free measurement and low-cost detection. More and more research focuses on real-time detection devices in the field, such as multi-functional instruments based on microfluidic chips, or portable devices that can be read through mobile phones, which will provide a more convenient means to respond to algatoxin events in a timely manner. 8 Conclusions and Prospects At present, significant progress has been made in the research on the mechanism of algae toxin production both at the genetic level and in environmental response. Researchers have identified a variety of toxin-synthesis gene clusters and their core regulatory factors, such as NtcA-mediated nitrogen response pathways; combined with molecular and ecological evidence, a comprehensive regulatory network of gene-metabolism-environment has been gradually constructed. However, there are also shortcomings in the research: many key regulatory elements (such as feedback regulation of nonstructural proteins and metabolic intermediates) have not been clarified; the role of epigenetic regulation and genomic plasticity in toxin production needs to be further revealed; the mechanism of environmental factors affecting each factor is complex, and the interaction effects between factors still lack quantitative description. In addition, most current monitoring and prediction methods rely on empirical models, and prediction accuracy and timeliness need to be improved. The study of algatoxin production mechanism has important implications for ecological management. Revealing the association between toxin synthesis and environmental stress and nutritional fluctuations can provide early warning indicators for algae burn prevention and control, such as reducing toxin risk by controlling nitrogen and phosphorus input structure. The improvement of the genetic marker monitoring system will make early warning more targeted. The focus of future research includes: applying gene editing and synthetic biology tools to verify the functions of key regulatory factors; developing multi-scale and multi-parameter dynamic models to integrate gene information and environmental variables; deepening the application of multiomics in ecological niche and evolutionary perspectives, and understanding the origin and adaptability of toxin gene clusters. In addition, a comprehensive
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