International Journal of Aquaculture, 2025, Vol.15, No.2, 76-87 http://www.aquapublisher.com/index.php/ija 84 support for the entire industry. In the seedling breeding process, it is necessary to integrate seedling breeding resources and increase the supply ratio of good seedlings. At present, there are still problems with scattered seedling farm layout and insufficient number of good seed farms. The solutions include: planning a centralized seedling cultivation base, promoting the creation of high-quality seed farm certification, and improving the standardization level of seedling production. By formulating technical and quality standards for abalone seedling cultivation, each seedling farm is encouraged to strictly implement unified breeding procedures for good seedlings to ensure stable seedling quality (Gan et al., 2022). At the same time, we support advantageous enterprises to take the lead in forming a seedling breeding consortium to change the situation where many seedling farms fight independently. In the promotion of good varieties, it is necessary to establish a smooth channel from core groups to commercial breeding. Under the integrated system, breeding units provide good-bred parents or fertilized eggs, professional hatcheries cultivate naive abalone, intermediate cultivation grounds cultivate large seedlings, and finally breed commercial abalone, with all links closely connected and division of labor and cooperation. Under this model, breeding units ensure the recycling and supply of good seedlings through the contract system, while the breeding end verifies the effect of new varieties through demonstration points, accelerating the improvement of good seed coverage. Figure 2 Marine breeding in the sea area of Dajian village, Huangqi town, Lianjiang county, Fuzhou city (Photo credit: Wang W.W.) 7 Future Breeding Model of Abalone Driven By the Integration of Multidimensional Technology 7.1 Synergistic effect of genome selection and gene editing Genome selection and gene editing are the two core technologies of molecular breeding, each with unique advantages. GS is able to handle overall improvements in quantitative traits, while gene editing can accurately modify individual genes. The collaborative application of the two is expected to accelerate abalone breeding to a new level. On the one hand, GS can be used to discover and evaluate key genes of traits and indicate targets for gene editing. The main effect QTL or candidate genes identified through GS analysis can be directed edited using tools such as CRISPR/Cas9 (Li et al., 2024). On the other hand, new variants created by gene editing can also be included in GS evaluation to achieve combination optimization. For non-modal organisms such as abalone, current gene editing efficiency and larval survival remain challenges. However, studies have proved the feasibility of abalone gene editing: through microinjection of TALEN tool, researchers have successfully achieved directed mutations in the abalone fertilized egg gene and cultivated surviving D-shaped larvae. This shows that abalone has the basis for carrying out functional gene knockout and knock-in experiments. With the improvement of gene editing technology (such as the use of efficient CRISPR/Cas systems and optimized embryo microscopy), it is entirely possible to create new traits that are difficult to obtain in traditional breeding in abalone.
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