International Journal of Aquaculture, 2025, Vol.15, No.2, 76-87 http://www.aquapublisher.com/index.php/ija 83 clearly illustrates that interspecies hybridization, combined with post-hybrid selection, provides a viable “path of transcendence” for abalone, effectively addressing challenges such as small body size and slow growth in domestic strains. Figure 1 The new abalone variety of national review A Dongyou No. 1; B Xipan abalone; C Lüpan abalone (Adopted from Guo et al., 2023) 6.2 Experience in pilot projects in cooperation with enterprises and scientific research Abalone breeding is a systematic project that cannot be separated from the close cooperation between scientific research institutes and enterprises. In recent years, China has carried out a number of pilot projects in the cultivation of abalone varieties through industry, academia and research, and has accumulated valuable experience. The cooperation between Fuda Abalone Company and Xiamen University is one of the examples. Under the guidance of Xiamen University’s expert team, Fuda Abalone Company, located in Fujian, started from the first few breeding ponds and gradually established a modern breeding workshop of 3 500 square meters. Schools and enterprises jointly implemented a number of major provincial and ministerial scientific research projects, and built the world's first-class and largest abalone breeding base - the "Fujian Province Abalone Genetic Breeding Center" (Figure 2). The center currently preserves 7 species of abalone, 3 national new varieties and 33 breeding lines, and has established more than 320 families, becoming the library with the most complete living germplasm resources and the strongest seed production capabilities (Xu, 2024). In terms of creating new varieties, the school-enterprise teams complement each other’s strengths: the scientific research party is responsible for genetic evaluation, hybridization plan design and marking development, and the enterprise party is responsible for large-scale seedling breeding, breeding comparison experiments and promotion and application. After the new variety passes the national approval, enterprises will use their own channels to quickly pilot the demonstration and promote it, and transform the advantages of the good varieties into productivity as soon as possible. After years of hard work, Fuda Abalone Company was approved as a national wrinkle plate abalone seed farm in 2023, achieving a "zero" breakthrough in the national seed farm of Fujian aquatic companies. This success proves that the strong alliance between scientific research and enterprises can effectively open up the entire chain of abalone seed cultivation. From the formulation of breeding plans, germplasm innovation to large-scale seedling production and promotion and application, each link has professional division of labor and coordination, thus accelerating the output and industrialization of new varieties. 6.3 Establishment and optimization of integrated breeding system of industry, academic and research In order to make abalone breeding sustainable development, it is crucial to build a good breeding system that integrates production, education and research. The integrated breeding system emphasizes the organic connection between breeding, seedling breeding and promotion, and realizes the closed loop of "breeding and promotion". In the process of breeding good varieties, it is necessary to continue to develop new varieties and maintain genetic progress. Fujian and other places have jointly built genetic breeding centers through scientific research institutions and leading enterprises, ensuring the long-term and stable development of breeding work (Lai et al., 2023). For example, Zhangzhou City and the Provincial Aquatic Products Research Institute jointly built the southern Fujian fishery germplasm resource library, committed to the protection and rational utilization of high-quality germplasm such as abalone. Only with core breeding units can we continuously provide excellent parents and technical
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