International Journal of Aquaculture, 2025, Vol.15, No.2, 67-75 http://www.aquapublisher.com/index.php/ija 73 some protected areas may be too far from the source of threat to protect critical areas. Cross-regional management can make the scope of protection more matched with practical issues (Bellwood et al., 2019). 8.2 Long-term strategies and carbon reduction policies to address climate change To fundamentally protect corals, mitigating climate change is key. This means we have to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Global agreements like the Paris Agreement are intended to promote emission reductions between countries. Only when global efforts work together can the harm to coral reefs be mitigated (Montseny et al., 2021). Because future climate change is full of uncertainty, we still need to make long-term plans. Some coral reefs are highly adaptable to environmental changes and can be protected with priority. They may become “seed sources” in other degraded areas in the future, helping to recover ecologically (Beyer et al., 2018). 8.3 Potential applications of emerging technologies in coral reef conservation Nowadays, many new technologies are being tried for coral protection. For example, scientists are studying how to make corals more heat-resistant and stress-resistant through selective breeding or microbial regulation (Van Oppen et al., 2017). There are also some methods, such as artificial planting of corals and building artificial reefs, which are also helping to recover rapidly in degraded areas (Montseny et al., 2021). These new technologies, if combined with traditional protection methods, may become new solutions to the coral reef problem. 8.4 The role of citizen science and public education in coral reef protection In addition to scientists and policy makers, ordinary people can also contribute to the protection of corals. Methods like Citizen Science encourage everyone to participate in data collection and marine protection, which can enhance people's sense of belonging and responsibility. If the community can participate in the formulation and implementation of protection policies, such as helping manage MPA, the results are often better (Wilkins et al., 2021). At the same time, public education activities are also very important. They can help more people understand corals, develop environmental awareness, and support sustainable practices. Only when everyone acts together can the future of coral reefs be more promising. Acknowledgments The author would like to express his sincere gratitude to the research team for providing revision suggestions after multiple reviews of this paper. At the same time, he also thanks the two anonymous peer reviewers for their suggestions on this paper. Conflict of Interest Disclosure The author affirms that this research was conducted without any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. References Ahmad I., Guo P., Zhao M.X., Zhong Y., Zheng X.Y., Zhang S.Q., Qiu J.W., Shi Q., Yan H.Q., Tao S.C., and Xu L.J., 2024, Coral reefs of Pakistan: a comprehensive review of anthropogenic threats climate change and conservation status, Frontiers in Marine Science, 11: 1466834. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2024.1466834 Apprill A., 2020, The role of symbioses in the adaptation and stress responses of marine organisms, Annual Review of Marine Science, 12(1): 291-314. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-marine-010419-010641 Bellwood D.R., Pratchett M.S., Morrison T.H., Gurney G.G., Hughes T.P., Álvarez-Romero J.G., Day J., Grantham R., Grech A., Hoey A., Jones G., Pandolfi J., Tebbett S., Techera E., Weeks R., and Cumming G., 2019, Coral reef conservation in the Anthropocene: confronting spatial mismatches and prioritizing functions, Biological Conservation, 236: 604-615. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BIOCON.2019.05.056 Beyer H.L., Kennedy E.V., Beger M., Chen C., Cinner J.E., Darling E.S., Eakin C., Gates R.D., Heron S.F., Knowlton N., Obura D., Palumbi S., Possingham H., Puotinen M., Runting R., Skirving W., Spalding M., Wilson K., Wood S., Veron J., and Hoegh‐Guldberg O., 2018, Risk‐sensitive planning for conserving coral reefs under rapid climate change, Conservation Letters, 11(6): e12587. https://doi.org/10.1111/conl.12587 Boström‐Einarsson L., Babcock R.C., Bayraktarov E., Ceccarelli D., Cook N., Ferse S.C.A., Hancock B., Harrison P., Hein M., Shaver E., Smith A., Suggett D., Stewart-Sinclair P., Vardi T., and McLeod I., 2020, Coral restoration – a systematic review of current methods successes failures and future directions, PLoS One, 15(1): e0226631. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0226631
RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy MjQ4ODYzNA==