IJA_2025v15n2

International Journal of Aquaculture, 2025, Vol.15, No.2, 57-66 http://www.aquapublisher.com/index.php/ija 61 their presence affects the dynamics and balance of the entire food web (Rakowski and Leibold, 2022). If these key species disappear from the system, it may cause a chain reaction that will make the water unstable. Therefore, protecting these species is very important to maintaining ecological balance. Figure 2 Conceptual understanding of microbial interactions and the oceanic food web (Adopted from Glibert and Mitra, 2022) 6 Case Studies of Aquatic Ecosystems 6.1 Nutritional relationship between krill and whales in marine ecosystems Krill is a very important small animal in the ocean. They connect to the middle part of the food web and are the main food source for many cetaceans.Whales eat krill, while krill eats phytoplankton. This chain is easily affected by environmental changes. If phytoplankton decreases, krill may go hungry and the number decreases, and whales will be affected by not eating enough food. In addition, issues such as ocean warming and changes in nutrient supply will also affect the stability of the entire food chain (Wu et al., 2021; Glibert and Mitra, 2023). So, understanding these relationships will help us better protect the ecosystems in the ocean. 6.2 Impact of carp populations on zooplankton in freshwater lakes In freshwater lakes, carp, especially exotic species like big-headed carp, have a great impact on the ecosystem. These fish filter the zooplankton in the water in large quantities and eat them as food. Once the zooplankton

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