International Journal of Aquaculture, 2025, Vol.15, No.2, 45-56 http://www.aquapublisher.com/index.php/ija 52 shortened. This suggests that disrupting the MIH pathway through gene editing may shorten the time for farmed shrimp from hatching to product specifications. Gao et al.'s study knocked out the MIHgene of the ridge tail white shrimp by co-injecting EcILP-CRISPR, and the results were obtained with accelerated larvae (Gao et al., 2022) (Figure 2). If this strategy is applied to breeding varieties such as vannabinoid shrimp, it may achieve faster growth and metabolism rhythm, so that shrimps can reach market specifications earlier. In addition to endocrine regulation, muscle growth inhibitors are also popular targets. The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) pathway is generally involved in the growth regulation of invertebrates. There have been studies that knocking out an insulin-like peptide encoding gene in the spinal tail white shrimp will cause individual growth retardation, indicating that the normal function of this gene is to promote growth. Conversely, if IGF binding proteins or downstream negative feedback factors can be found to inhibit growth, destroy their genes, or accelerate growth. Figure 2 Growth comparison of EcILP-KOand control group individuals (Adopted from Gao et al., 2022) Image caption: (A) 18 days after hatching, (B) 22 days after hatching, (C) One month after hatching, (D) Statistical changes in body length and body weight from 2 to 9 months after hatching. Error bars refer to the standard deviation. Pvalues are denoted: *P<0.05. (Adopted from Gao et al., 2022) 6.2 Targeted modification of genes for reproductive development regulation In addition to accelerating growth, regulating the reproduction and development of shrimps is also a way to improve breeding benefits. Many farmed shrimps have problems with reproductive control, such as the difficulty of maturing gonads of the shrimps and the decline in fertility. Gene editing can intervene in the key genes of the shrimp's reproductive axis to achieve the goal of artificially controlling the reproductive cycle and maturity age. Among several shrimp species, the phenomenon of eye stalk removal promotes maturation indicates that the role of inhibitors exists conservatively. Therefore, knocking out the GIHgene by CRISPR or weakening its receptor signal may produce shrimp that can mature and lay eggs early without removing the eyes. This will be of great application value for breeding difficulties such as prawns. Currently, some studies have begun to verify the
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