International Journal of Aquaculture, 2025, Vol.15, No.1, 21-28 http://www.aquapublisher.com/index.php/ija 26 regions. African scientists actively study the characteristics of native tilapia, especially its advantages in disease resistance and environmental adaptability. Through breeding technologies such as breeding and hybridization, these excellent characteristics are introduced into breeding varieties to improve breeding benefits. At the same time, promote ecological breeding models, use local tilapia to adapt to the local environment, reduce the impact on the environment, and promote sustainable development. 6.2 Genetic strategies and effectiveness of tilapia breeding in Asia Asia is one of the main regions for tilapia farming, especially in countries such as China, Vietnam and the Philippines. To meet market demand, these countries have implemented several genetic improvement programs. The most well-known is the GIFT project launched in the 1990s, aiming to improve the growth rate and disease resistance of tilapia through selective breeding. The researchers collected basic groups from eight countries in Asia and Africa, and after multiple generations of breeding, they successfully cultivated strains with an increase in growth rate of 85%. These improved varieties have been promoted in 16 countries including Asia, Africa and Latin America, which has significantly improved the local breeding benefits. In addition, Asia is also actively adopting genomics technology to accelerate the genetic improvement process of tilapia. Genome-wide association analysis (GWAS) and genome selection reveal to scientists genetic variations related to economic traits, promoting genetic gain in breeding programs. 6.3 New trends in genetic improvement of tilapia population in America In North and South America, the genetic improvement of tilapia populations has flourished. Recently, Brazilian tilapia producer Brazilian Fish announced that it plans to accelerate the genetic improvement of tilapia through genome editing technology, and to improve the breeding efficiency of tilapia, improve the production performance and fish meat output of tilapia, and enhance the disease resistance of farmed fish. Some cities in North America have jointly developed the tilapia gene editing system FLT 01, which is not subject to genetically modified regulations, according to the provisions of the National Advisory Committee on Agricultural Biotechnology (CONABIA). This tilapia production line achieves more sustainable production by improving fillet yield, growth and feed conversion efficiency, allowing tilapia to reach market weight in a shorter time while also consuming less feed than traditional varieties (Yang et al., 2022). 7 Future Research Prospects 7.1 New technologies and methods for tilapia genetic resources management With the development of biotechnology, tilapia genetic resource management is ushering in new technologies and methods. Genome editing technologies, such as the emergence of CRISPR/Cas9, provide precise tools for directional improvement of the economic traits of tilapia. This technology can quickly and efficiently edit target genes, making it more accurate and effective to improve the characteristics of disease resistance, growth rate and environmental adaptability. The rise of genome-wide selection technology has also brought new possibilities for tilapia breeding. By analyzing genome-wide data, breeders can more accurately evaluate and predict strain performance, thereby accelerating the variety improvement process. In addition, the application of emerging means such as blockchain technology and big data analysis will also greatly improve the management efficiency of tilapia genetic resource information and the ability to share data. 7.2 Potential and suggestions for cross-continental population cooperative research The tilapia populations in different regions around the world have their own characteristics, and intercontinental cooperative research is of great significance to the sustainable development of the global tilapia industry. Strengthening international cooperation can promote the sharing and exchange of excellent genetic resources and help solve the bottlenecks of genetic resources in specific regions. Through intercontinental research, researchers can better understand the adaptation mechanisms of different populations under different environmental conditions. This collaboration can also promote international exchange of technologies and methods, such as complementary advantages between the rich genetic resources of Africa’s origin and advanced breeding technologies in Asia and the Americas. It is recommended that a more effective international cooperation network
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