International Journal of Aquaculture, 2024, Vol.14, No.4, 195-210 http://www.aquapublisher.com/index.php/ija 197 To meet the constantly expanding demand for farmed seafood, aquaculture firms need to strive for profit from the newest innovative technology where there is still a dearth of knowledge. The aquaculture sector is preparing itself to employ the latest intelligent types of machinery that can carry out tasks that traditionally would require human judgment. Consequently, digital technologies are having positive impacts on fisheries and aquaculture. The recent shift is emphasized towards digital technology which is known as Industry 5.0; where artificial intelligence, machine learning, robotics, and the human intellect are combined to advance into human-centric solutions (Rowan, 2023). Connecting transregional, national, and international digital innovation hubs is sought to help the fisheries and aquaculture sector reduce significant risks like climate change, global pandemics, and conflicts that could endanger fish and seafood production. Hence this study aimed at applying digital technologies in supporting climate change adaptation in fisheries. This gives an overview of the impact of climate change in this sector worldwide. Besides, this research will help to fill in the gaps in the literature on the impacts of climate change on the fisheries and aquaculture sectors. The focus would be to analyze new technologies adapted and adopted to fill the gaps that surfaced upon research of literature gaps. 2 Literature Review 2.1 Challenges of food in climate change The current state of the environment is largely attributed to the worldwide phenomenon known as climate change (Siddique et al., 2022). Consequently, as pointed out by Maulu et al. (2021), climate change is viewed as a major challenge to the quality and quantity of agriculture and a risk to global food production. Aquatic ecosystems are more vulnerable to environmental change than terrestrial ones, and fish physiology is more influenced by climatic conditions than that of terrestrial animals. Because of this, the aquaculture sector is continually feeling the negative consequences of climate change. As depicted by Yazdi and Shakouri (2010), aquatic ecosystem health is essential for fisheries and aquaculture, yet these facts are frequently overlooked and devalued despite their major contributions to food security and livelihoods. Likewise, Siddique et al. (2022) denoted that since people are generally growing more concerned about the nutritional benefits of their food choices, there is an increasing demand for fish, especially as its health benefits continue to gain recognition. The productivity of capture fisheries has not increased in the previous 20 years, but aquaculture production must rise to meet the increasing demand for fisheries products from a larger and wealthier population (Boyd et al., 2022). Aquatic animal farming has been practised for more than 2,000 years, but it wasn't until the twentieth century that it started to make a difference in the amount of meat produced worldwide. F.A.O. (2022) estimates that 17% of all animal-sourced protein for human consumption comes from aquaculture and fisheries combined. Mustafa et al. (2021) reported that global aquaculture expanded by 7.5%~9.2% yearly since 1970 to approximately 115 million tons by 2018. Approximately 424 aquatic species (Yazdi and Shakouri, 2010) are currently raised for food on a global scale, providing nutrition: global trend from 20.5 kg~21.5 kg of fish consumed per capita (Mustafa et al., 2021), food security, and livelihoods for millions of people while also helping to reduce poverty. Palardy (2022) described the fact that seafood has a comparable low carbon footprint to a land-bred farming animal. Boyd et al. (2022) reported in their study that aquaculture is responsible for producing nearly 0.49% of global greenhouse gas emissions. The top five aquaculture producers are China, India, Indonesia, Vietnam, and Bangladesh, as denoted by Galappaththi et al. (2020). Small-scale farmers in developing countries account for the majority rest of the world's aquaculture production. Climate change effects enhance the complexity and unpredictability of aquaculture systems, which can lead to several undesirable situations. It has been noted nevertheless that the whole aquaculture production system is a complex one experiencing quick changes and technological innovation is a key response to mitigate the effects of climate.
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