International Journal of Aquaculture, 2024, Vol.14, No.4, 184-194 http://www.aquapublisher.com/index.php/ija 192 that address specific ecological and genetic needs. Harmonizing eDNA methods and increasing international cooperation can improve the monitoring and conservation of freshwater biodiversity, especially in under-represented regions. Insights into how climate change drives diversification can inform conservation planning to mitigate the impacts of global warming and cooling on aquatic species. Knowledge of molecular acclimation mechanisms and biomineralization processes can aid in predicting the resilience of aquatic organisms to environmental stressors and guide conservation strategies. The use of advanced genetic tools and molecular markers can enhance the effectiveness of conservation programs by providing detailed information on population structure and genetic diversity. Future research should focus on several key areas to further our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the diversification of aquatic life forms. Further studies on the genomic differentiation of deep-sea species across different depths can provide deeper insights into the mechanisms of disruptive selection and ecotype differentiation. Expanding eDNA research to under-represented regions and taxa can improve our understanding of global freshwater biodiversity and inform conservation efforts. Investigating the long-term impacts of climate change on the diversification and speciation of both marine and freshwater species can help predict future biodiversity patterns. Developing more efficient methods for identifying cryptic species in various habitats can enhance biodiversity assessments and conservation strategies. Exploring the molecular mechanisms of salinity tolerance in different aquatic organisms can provide insights into their adaptability and resilience to environmental changes. Further research on the molecular pathways of biomineralization in marine invertebrates can improve our understanding of their responses to ocean acidification and other stressors. Investigating the evolutionary origins and potential applications of CCMs in aquatic photosynthetic organisms can contribute to global carbon sequestration efforts. Integrating genetic data with conservation planning can enhance the effectiveness of conservation strategies and ensure the long-term survival of aquatic species. Developing trait-based conservation approaches that consider multiple biological scales can improve the forecasting and management of aquatic ecosystems under changing environmental conditions. Acknowledgments Thanks to the reviewing experts for reading and providing feedback on the manuscript. Conflict of Interest Disclosure The author affirms that this research was conducted without any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. Reference Armisén D., Rajakumar R., Friedrich M., Benoit J.B., Robertson H.M., Panfilio K.A., Ahn S.J., Poelchau M., Chao H., Dinh H., Doddapaneni H.V., Dugan S., Gibbs R., Hughes D., Han Y., Lee S.L., Murali S., Muzny D., Qu J., Worley K., Torres M.M., Abouheif E., Bonneton F., Chen T., Childers C., Cridge A., Crumière A., Decaras A., Didion E., Duncan E., Elpidina E., Favé M., and Khila A., 2018, The genome of the water strider Gerris buenoi reveals expansions of gene repertoires associated with adaptations to life on the water, BMC Genomics, 19: 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-018-5163-2 Bellwood D., Goatley C.F., and Bellwood O., 2017, The evolution of fishes and corals on reefs: form function and interdependence, Biological Reviews, 62(9): 1645-1654. https://doi.org/10.1111/brv.12259 Bilcke G., and Kamakura S., 2023, Scaling the invisible wall: molecular acclimation of a salinity‐tolerant diatom to freshwater, Molecular Ecology, 32(11): 2692-2694. https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.16971 Boccia C.K., Swierk L., AYALA-VARELA F.P., Boccia J., Borges I.L., Estupiñán C.A., Martin A.M., Martínez-Grimaldo R., Ovalle S., Senthivasan S., Toyama K., Castañeda M., García A., Glor R., and Mahler D., 2021, Repeated evolution of underwater rebreathing in diving Anolis lizards, Current Biology, 31(13): 2947-2954. e4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2021.04.040 Braz-Mota S., and Almeida-Val V.M.F., 2021, Ecological adaptations of amazonian fishes acquired during evolution under environmental variations in dissolved oxygen: a review of responses to hypoxia in fishes featuring the hypoxia-tolerant Astronotus spp., Journal of Experimental Zoology, Part A Ecological and Integrative Physiology, 335(9-10): 771-786. https://doi.org/10.1002/jez.2531
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