International Journal of Aquaculture, 2024, Vol.14, No.3, 165-173 http://www.aquapublisher.com/index.php/ija 169 Additionally, macrophytes such as Pistia stratiotes, Eicchornia spp., Lemna spp., and Salvinia spp. have been identified as effective hyper-accumulators, capable of phytofiltration to remove heavy metals from water. The role of phytohormones in enhancing the tolerance and detoxification mechanisms in these plants has also been highlighted, suggesting that hormonal regulation can mitigate metal toxicity (Nguyen et al., 2020). Figure 2 Experimental set-up and results of removing Pb from water by duckweed (Adapted from Ubuza et al., 2019) Image caption: (A) Isometric view, top view and front view of the experimental set-up showing; (B) The concentration of the accumulated Pb by duckweed in various contact times (3, 6, 9 d) both in the stationary and recirculated set-ups; (C) Mass balance of Pb at (a) 3 d stationary (b) 3 d recirculated (c) 9 d stationary (d) 9 d recirculated (Adapted from Ubuza et al., 2019) 5.2 Tolerance in marine plants Marine plants, or macrophytes, also demonstrate remarkable heavy metal tolerance. Posidonia oceanica, a seagrass species, exhibits resilience to copper (Cu) contamination. It employs a combination of antioxidant defense mechanisms and metal-binding peptides to cope with Cu-induced stress. The presence of abundant sulfhydryl groups in its cells enhances its capacity to bind and detoxify heavy metals (Bertini et al., 2019). Eelgrass (Zostera marina) is another marine plant that shows tolerance to heavy metals like mercury (Hg) and arsenic (As). Research indicates that Zostera marina utilizes a complex network of phytochelatins and metallothioneins to sequester and detoxify these metals. Additionally, its extensive root system aids in the immobilization of heavy metals, preventing their translocation to aerial parts (Greco et al., 2019).
RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy MjQ4ODYzNA==