International Journal of Aquaculture, 2024, Vol.14, No.3, 112-125 http://www.aquapublisher.com/index.php/ija 112 Research Perspective Open Access Exploring Algal Germplasm Diversity: Strategies for Conservation and Sustainable Utilization ManmanLi Hainan Institute of Biotechnology, Haikou, 570206, Hainan, China Corresponding email: 502684238@qq.com International Journal of Aquaculture, 2024, Vol.14, No.3 doi: 10.5376/ija.2024.14.0013 Received: 02 Apr., 2024 Accepted: 20 Apr., 2024 Published: 05 May., 2024 Copyright © 2024 Li, This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Preferred citation for this article: Li M.M., 2024, Exploring algal germplasm diversity: strategies for conservation and sustainable utilization, International Journal of Aquaculture, 14(3): 112-125 (doi: 10.5376/ija.2024.14.0013) Abstract The conservation and sustainable use of algal germplasm diversity are crucial for maintaining ecological balance and supporting the aquaculture industry. This study explores the current status of algal germplasm, conservation strategies, and sustainable utilization, highlighting the extensive genetic diversity within algal species and their key roles in ecosystems. Essential conservation strategies, such as in situ and ex situ preservation, including advanced cryopreservation techniques, are vital for protecting this diversity. The study also discusses innovative biotechnological applications of algae, including the production of biofuels, pharmaceuticals, nutritional supplements, and environmental management. It emphasizes that integrating conservation and utilization strategies is critical for balancing ecological sustainability and economic feasibility. This study aims to contribute to the development of integrated strategies that balance the conservation of algal biodiversity with its economic and environmental benefits. Keywords Algal germplasm; Cryopreservation; Sustainable utilization; Biodiversity; Genetic diversity; Environmental management 1 Introduction Algal germplasm diversity encompasses a wide range of genetic material from various algal species, playing a critical role in the resilience and adaptability of these organisms. Algae, which include microalgae and macroalgae, are essential components of aquatic ecosystems and have significant applications in biotechnology, agriculture, and biofuels. The genetic diversity found within algal populations is a valuable resource for developing new strains with desirable traits, such as increased biomass production, resistance to environmental stressors, and enhanced nutrient profiles. Understanding and preserving this diversity is crucial for both ecological stability and biotechnological advancement (Wade et al., 2020). Algal germplasm refers to the genetic material that determines the hereditary makeup of algal species. This genetic diversity is the result of millions of years of evolution, adaptation, and natural selection. It is reflected in the vast array of morphological, physiological, and biochemical traits found among different algal species. Algae are highly adaptable organisms, capable of thriving in a variety of environments, from freshwater to marine ecosystems, and even in extreme conditions such as hot springs and polar regions (Mock, 2023). This adaptability is largely due to their genetic diversity, which allows them to respond to changing environmental conditions and stresses (Khan et al., 2020). The evolutionary history of algae, marked by primary and secondary endosymbiotic events, has led to the emergence of various lineages, each with unique characteristics and adaptations (Petersen et al., 2021; Mock, 2023). The conservation of algal germplasm is of paramount importance for several reasons. It ensures the continued availability of genetic resources that can be used for research and development in various industries. For instance, specific algal strains are being explored for their potential in biofuel production, bioremediation, and as sources of high-value compounds like omega-3 fatty acids and antioxidants (Priyanka et al., 2021). Preserving algal diversity helps maintain ecosystem health and stability, as algae play crucial roles in primary production, nutrient cycling, and as habitats for aquatic organisms (Fabris et al., 2020).
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